Ch.4 vocab words

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Across
  1. 3. Siddhartha Gautama and all others who have by their own insight attained perfect enlightenment.
  2. 5. Patterned icons that visually excite; used in Vajrayana Buddhism to enhance meditation.
  3. 8. The 4th of the 4 Noble Truths; defines the basic that lead to nirvana
  4. 11. Phrases or syllables chanted to evoke a deity or to enhance meditation; used in Hinduism and Buddhism, especially in Vajrayana.
  5. 14. The 2nd of the 4 Noble Truths, selfish desire, which causes dukkha
  6. 16. One who has become enlightened; the ideal type for Theravada Buddhism
  7. 17. The first of the 4 Noble Truths, the basic Buddhist insight that suffering is part of human condition.
  8. 19. Choreographed hand movements used in rituals of Vajrayana Buddhism.
  9. 21. Characteristics that summarize the changing nature of reality: anatta, anicca, and dukkha
  10. 22. The largest of Buddhism’s three divisions, prevalent in China, Japan, and Korea; encompasses a variety of forms, including those that emphasize devotion and prayer to the Buddhas and bodhisattvas
Down
  1. 1. Ethical duty on the divine order of reality; one of the four goals of life.
  2. 2. The Buddhist community of monks and nuns; one of the Three Jewels of Buddhism.
  3. 4. A basic Buddhist teaching that rejects both the pleasures of sensual indulgences and the self-denial of asceticism, focusing instead on a practical approach to spiritual attainment.
  4. 6. An ancient language of India, similar to Sanskrit but more commonly understood, and used in the writing of the earliest Buddhist texts; most important for Theravada Buddhism
  5. 7. Named for the vajra, the Buddha’s diamond scepter; prevalent form of Buddhism in Tibet; emphasizes the harnessing of sensual energies to attain nirvana.
  6. 9. Prevalent form of Buddhism in Cambodia, Burma (the union of Myanmar), Sri Lanka, and Thailand; focuses on the earliest texts and emphasizes monastic lifestyle
  7. 10. The spiritual leader of Vajrayana (Tibetan) Buddhism, believed to be an incarnation of the bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara.
  8. 12. the ultimate goal of all Buddhists, the extinction of desire and any sense of individual selfhood, resulting in liberation from samsara and its limiting conditions.
  9. 13. The basic moral requirements that are binding for all Buddhists.
  10. 15. Future Buddhas. As the ideal types for Mahayana Buddhism, beings who have experienced enlightenment but, motivated by compassion, stop short of entering nirvana so as to help others achieve it.
  11. 18. The central teachings of Buddhism: to live is to experience suffering; suffering is caused by desires; the cessation of suffering can be achieved; the solution is the Noble Eightfold Path.
  12. 20. One of the 3 Marks of Existence; the Buddhist doctrine denying a permanent self
  13. 23. One of the 3 Marks of Existence; the Buddhist doctrine that all existent things are constantly changing.