Chap. 8 Deviance and Social Control- Key People

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Across
  1. 1. Observed that the stronger people’s bonds are with society (that is, their attachments, commitments, involvements, and beliefs), the higher is their level of self- control
  2. 4. Conducted the study of the Saints and Roughnecks showed how labels work to open doors of opportunity for individuals who are assigned positive labels and, conversely, close doors of opportunity for individuals who are assigned negative labels
  3. 7. “it is not the act itself, but the reactions to the act, that make something deviant.”
  4. 10. They identified some of the illegitimate opportunity structures that are woven into the texture of urban life, such as robbery, drug dealing, and prostitution
  5. 11. Created the term “degradation ceremonies” to describe formal attempts to brand someone as an outsider
  6. 13. Used the term “differential association” to indicate that people learn to either deviate from or conform to society’s norms through the different groups with whom they associate
  7. 14. Discovered that gang members joined gangs for access to money, recreation (including drugs and women), anonymity in committing crimes, self-protection, and to help protect their community from other neighborhood gangs and/or outsiders
  8. 15. Developed strain theory to analyze the deviance that develops when people are socialized into desirable cultural goals but fail to achieve them through legitimate institutional means, or simply reject the cultural goals
  9. 16. Used the term “stigma” to refer to characteristics that discredit people’s claim to a “normal” identity
  10. 17. Observed how outlaw bikers embraced their deviant labels
Down
  1. 2. Developed control theory to show how people generally avoid deviance because of an effective system of inner controls (self-control) and outer controls (legitimate authorities)
  2. 3. An anthropologist who studied how differently human groups react to similar behavior
  3. 5. They uncovered the five techniques of neutralization that delinquents, as well as other deviants, typically employ to rationalize their deviant behaviors
  4. 6. Examined all executions for rape and attempted rape in Virginia between 1908 and 1963, he uncovered the racial bias in the death penalty during that era in Virginia
  5. 8. Argued that mental illnesses are neither mental nor illness; rather, they are problem behaviors that are related to people’s particular experiences in life
  6. 9. Identified the three primary functions deviance contributes to the social order
  7. 12. Discovered how associating with people who have a certain concept of “honor” can propel deviance in young men (committing criminal acts in order to defend or protect their honor)