Chapter 1 - Challenges to German Unification
Across
- 5. Religious reformer whose challenge to the Catholic Church unintentionally increased divisions among Germans presenting a challenge to unification
- 6. Diplomatic principle aimed at preventing any single European nation from becoming too powerful
- 7. Fragmented political entity of over 300 German states dissolved after Napoleon’s conquests
- 10. Austrian Foreign Minister who sought to preserve the Old Order and prevent German unification at the Congress of Vienna
- 12. Belief that people sharing a common language, culture, and history should form an independent nation
- 14. Loose alliance of 39 German states formed in 1815 to maintain stability rather than promote unity of the German people
- 15. Powerful Largely Protestant German state that rivaled Austria and later became the leader of German unification
- 16. System in which power is spread among many independent states rather than controlled by a central authority; design feature of the German Confederation
- 17. Treaty that ended the Thirty Years’ War and reinforced the independence and fragmentation of German states making up the Holy Roman Empire
- 18. Major European power that opposed German unification to prevent a strong rival on its eastern border
Down
- 1. Assembly of representatives from German states that governed the German Confederation (known also as the Bundestag)
- 2. Destructive conflict that devastated German territories and weakened hopes for political unity
- 3. Economic alliance led by Prussia that removed internal tariffs and strengthened economic unity among German states
- 4. Religious movement that split Christianity in Europe and deepened political and cultural divisions in German lands
- 8. Dominant conservative power in the German Confederation that chaired the Federal Diet and opposed nationalist and liberal reforms
- 9. Political ideology emphasizing individual rights, constitutions, and limits on government power, and empowerment of citizens through democracy
- 11. Conservative political system favoring monarchy, aristocracy, and tradition over democratic change
- 13. Meeting of European powers after Napoleon’s defeat that created the German Confederation to replace the Holy Roman Empire