Chapter 1: Environmental Problems, Their Cases and Sustainability

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Across
  1. 1. A social movement dedicated to protecting the earth’s life support systems for us and other species.
  2. 4. People who get their food by gathering edible wild plants and other materials and by hunting wild animals and fish.
  3. 7. Scientific data, models, theories, and laws that are widely accepted by scientists considered experts in the area of study.
  4. 8. Amount of biologically productive land and water needed to supply each person or population with the renewable resources they use and to absorb or dispose of the wastes from such resource use. It measures the average environmental impact of individuals or populations in different countries and areas.
  5. 9. Country that has low to moderate industrialization and low to moderate per capita GNP. Most are located in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
  6. 10. (blank blank worldview) Viewing undeveloped land as a hostile wilderness to be conquered (cleared, planted) and exploited for its resources as quickly as possible.
  7. 12. Ability of a system to survive for some specified (finite) time.
  8. 14. Large or dispersed land areas such as crop fields, streets, and lawns that discharge pollutants into the environment over a large area.
  9. 16. Solar energy from the sun reaching the earth.
  10. 20. Gradual shift from small, mobile hunting and gathering bands to settled agricultural communities in which people survived by learning how to breed and raise wild animals and to cultivate wild plants near where they lived. It began 10,000-12,000 years ago.
  11. 22. Study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with their nonliving environment of matter and energy.
  12. 23. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; responsible for managing federal efforts to control air and water pollution, radiation and pesticide hazards, environmental research, hazardous waste, and solid-solid waste disposal.
  13. 24. Biological scientist who studies relationships between living organisms and their environment.
  14. 28. Using a product over and over again in the same form. An example is collecting, washing, and refilling glass beverage bottles.
  15. 29. An essentially inexhaustible resource on a human time scale. Solar energy is an example.
  16. 31. Collecting and reprocessing a resource so that it can be made into new products. An example is collecting aluminum cans, melting them down, and using the aluminum to make new cans or other aluminum products.
  17. 32. Country that is highly industrialized and has a high per capita GNP.
  18. 36. (blank blank revolution) Use of new sources of energy from fossil fuels and later from nuclear fuels, and use of new technologies, to grow food and manufacture products.
  19. 39. Resource that can be replenished rapidly (hours to several decades) through natural processes. An example is trees in forests.
  20. 40. A particular chemical or form of energy that can adversely affect the health, survival, or activities of humans or other living organisms.
  21. 41. Variety of different species (species diversity), genetic variability among individuals within each species (genetic diversity), variety of ecosystems (ecological diversity), and functions such as energy flow and matter cycling needed for the survival of species and biological communities (functional diversity).
Down
  1. 2. Person who is concerned about the impact of people on environmental quality and believe that some human actions are degrading parts of the earth's life-support systems for humans and many other forms of life.
  2. 3. Use of an ecosystem such as a forest for a variety of purposes such as timber harvesting, wildlife habitat, watershed protection, and recreation.
  3. 5. Annual market value of all goods and services produced by all firms and organizations, foreign and domestic, operating within a country.
  4. 6. All external conditions and factors, living and nonliving (chemicals and energy), that affect an organism or other specified system during its lifetime.
  5. 8. Depletion or disruption of a potentially renewable resource such as soil, grassland, forest, or wildlife that is used faster than it is naturally replenished.If such use continues, the resource becomes nonrenewable/extinct.
  6. 11. An interdisciplinary study that uses information from the physical sciences and social sciences tolerant how the earth works and how to deal with environmental problems.
  7. 12. Positive force created when people with different views and values find common ground and work together to build understanding, trust, and informed shared visions of what their communities and the world could and should be.
  8. 13. Highest rate at which a potentially renewable resource can be used without reducing its available supply throughout the world or in a particular area.
  9. 15. Broad process of global social, economic, and environmental change that leads to an increasingly integrated world.
  10. 17. Resource that exists in a fixed amount (stock) in various places in the earth's crust and has the potential for renewal by geological, physical, and chemical processes taking place over hundreds of millions to billions of years. Examples are copper, aluminum, coal, and oil.
  11. 18. Device or process that prevents a potential pollutant from forming or entering the environment or sharply reduces the amount entering the environment.
  12. 19. Single identifiable source that discharges pollutants into the environment. Examples are the smokestack of a power plant or an industrial plant, chimney of a house, or exhaust pipe of an automobile.
  13. 21. Increase in the capacity to provide people with goods and services produced by an economy; an increase in gross domestic product (GDP).
  14. 25. Growth in which some quantity, such as population size or economic output, increases at a constant rate per unit of time.This type of growth yields a curve shaped like the letter J.
  15. 26. (blank of the commons) Depletion or degradation of a potentially renewable resource to which people have free and unmanaged access. An example is the depletion of commercially desirable fish species in the open ocean beyond areas controlled by coastal countries.
  16. 27. Resource that people normally are free to use. Most are renewable and owned by no one. Examples are clean air, fish in parts of the ocean not under the control of a coastal country, migratory birds
  17. 30. Inability to meet basic needs for food, clothing, and shelter.
  18. 33. The time it takes (usually in years) for the quantity of something growing exponentially to double. It can be calculated by dividing the annual percentage growth rate into 70.
  19. 34. Unsustainable addiction to overconsumption and materialism exhibited in the lifestyles of affluent consumers in the United States and other developed countries.
  20. 35. Sensible and careful use of natural resources by humans.
  21. 37. Ability of earth's various systems, including human cultural systems and economies, to survive and adapt to changing environmental conditions indefinitely. Also called sustainability.
  22. 38. Anything obtained from the living and nonliving environment to meet human needs and wants. It can also be applied to other species.