Chapter 1 Plate Tectonics
Across
- 1. a layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of Earth
- 7. a plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions
- 8. a dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of Earth
- 11. a dark, igneous rock with a fine texture found in oceanic crust
- 14. the name of the single landmass that broke apart 200 million years ago and gave rise to today’s continents
- 16. a rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust
- 17. country that is being split apart at the Mid-Atlantic ridge
- 19. the force exerted on a surface divided by the area over which the force is exerted
- 21. a trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock
- 23. a deep valley along the ocean floor beneath which oceanic crust slowly sinks toward the mantle
- 24. the amount of mass in a given space, mass per unit of volume (like g/cm3)
- 25. the process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor
- 28. the theory that pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle
- 29. the transfer of heat by movement of a fluid
- 32. a well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations
- 33. name of the ship that took rock samples from the deep ocean floor
- 34. the hypothesis that the continents slowly move across Earth’s surface
Down
- 2. the transfer of heat within a material or between materials that are touching
- 3. the transfer of energy through space
- 4. the process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary
- 5. a section of the lithosphere that slowly moves over the asthenosphere, carrying pieces of continental crust
- 6. a usually light-colored igneous rock that is found in continental crust
- 9. a plate boundary where two plates move toward each other
- 10. a break in the Earth’s crust where masses of rock slip past each other
- 12. vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake
- 13. the layer of hot, solid material between Earth’s crust and core
- 15. first scientist to hypothesize about continental drift
- 18. the layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer surface
- 20. a deep valley that forms where two plates move apart
- 22. a device that determines the distance of an object under water by recording echoes of sound waves
- 26. An undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produce; a divergent plate boundary
- 27. a plate boundary where two plates move away from each other
- 30. the movement of a fluid caused by differences in temperature, that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another
- 31. the soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats