Chapter 1: Scientific Proceses

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Across
  1. 2. The variable that is measured or tested during an investigation. In an experimental investigation, it is reliant upon the independent variable.
  2. 7. Results that support a hypothesis and remain the same no matter who observes the data. Researchers use this evidence to prove a hypothesis is true.
  3. 11. The process of receiving communication from another, which can be positive (affirming) or negative (should be corrective, not demeaning).
  4. 12. A method of inquiry, created by Frances Bacon in 1620, based on three main concepts: observation, experimentation, and the development of theories or natural laws. It consists of six steps: observation, question, hypothesis, experiment, and conclusion/results.
  5. 14. The ability to recognize the emotions and actions of others, which increases positive communications when working as a team member.
  6. 17. Tools used to represent concepts, objects, and phenomena in a way that makes them easier to understand. They are simpler and not a complete representation of the actual object or system.
  7. 19. An investigation used to answer "what," "how," "where," and "why," which describes and quantifies nature and phenomena using observations and measurements to create data, and is often driven by exploration rather than a hypothesis.
  8. 20. Communication that can help support goals, obstacles, clarifications, and solutions, taking forms such as emails, reports, or manuals.
  9. 21. An investigation that involves collecting data on two or more groups for comparison under different conditions, focusing on patterns or trends. It is relevant for understanding similarities and differences between subjects or when a timeline or ethical implications prevent experimentation.
  10. 23. An idea, often described as an “educated guess,” that has a foundation in observed natural phenomena and can be tested and either proven or identified as false. It is typically written as an “if...then” statement.
  11. 24. The second step in the scientific method, asked to identify the problem or area of interest.
  12. 25. A process that is evaluated by deductive and inductive reasoning.
  13. 26. The period that began toward the end of the Renaissance and continued through the late seventeenth century, marking a major transformation in scientific thought and ideas that led to the emergence of modern science.
  14. 27. The fifth and sixth steps of the scientific method, which discuss the outcome of the experiment and address questions such as whether the hypothesis was correct, why or why not, what procedural changes could be made, and what new questions arose.
  15. 28. The study of what is observable and what can be tested through experimentation. It stems from the Latin word Scientia, meaning “knowledge”.
  16. 29. Documents that must be available for all chemicals in a laboratory setting, providing information on the chemical's hazards, needed personal protective equipment, and the body parts that could be affected by exposure.
  17. 30. Communication conveyed though body language or physical behavior, which can be conscious or unconscious and can indicate whether someone is interested in the conversation.
  18. 31. What is expressed in words, where clarity is important when imparting information to a team member.
  19. 32. Data that can be observed or recorded through direct observations, interviews, or similar methods, recording perceptions and feelings, rather than numbers or mathematical equations.
Down
  1. 1. A type of logical reasoning that allows one to move from a general idea to focus on a specific outcome.
  2. 3. An activity conducted as the fourth step of the scientific method that allows scientists to prove or disprove a hypothesis, relying on repeatable procedures.
  3. 4. An investigation conducted specifically to support, refute, or validate a hypothesis.
  4. 5. An investigation, also called observational testing, used for cause-and-effect relationships where the researcher is not allowed to choose how subjects (independent variables) are assigned to groups or the treatments they receive due to ethical concerns or logistical constraints.
  5. 6. One of the most important components of communication, as communication cannot occur if there is not someone processing the information on the receiving end; it instills trust.
  6. 8. The variable that is controlled and manipulated by the researcher.
  7. 9. Data defined by a numerical value, such as information that can be used in a mathematical calculation or statistical analysis, recorded by conducting experiments or controlled observations.
  8. 10. The first step in the scientific method, identifying what piques interest or curiosity.
  9. 13. A type of logical reasoning that begins with a specific observation to reach a broad conclusion.
  10. 15. The group in an experiment that receives treatment, and whose results are compared to the control group.
  11. 16. Well-established explanations based on natural and physical phenomena, providing highly reliable evidence and incorporating hypotheses that have been extensively tested and supported by data.
  12. 18. The group in an experiment that does not receive treatment, allowing the researcher to compare the results to the experimental group to determine if there was an actual effect.
  13. 22. A period, also known as the Age of Reason, that lasted until the late eighteenth century and saw advancements in medicine, chemistry, taxonomy, mathematics, and physics, and gave rise to scientific societies and academies.