Chapter 1 Terms

1. A series of interconnected ideas or concepts that explains what is observed in research and that make predictions about the future.
3. A sample of participants that fairly represents the population because each member of the population has an equal chance of being included.
7. A variable in an experiment that the experimenter manipulates to examine its impact on the dependent variable.
9. The beliefs, values, rules, and customs that exist within a group of people who share a common language and environment, which are transmitted through learning from one generation to the next.
10. A a research method that examines how variables are naturally related in the real world without altering the variables and without revealing whether one factor causes changes in another.

2. A specific, testable prediction of what should be observed in a study if a theory is correct.
4. A group in an experiment that receives either no treatment or a baseline manipulation that is expected to have little or no impact; this group serves as a comparison to the experimental group.
5. A method that is a continuous five-step process that allows systematic observation and measurement of phenomena to reach one or more scientific goals.
6. A variable in an experiment that is measured to determine how it was affected by the manipulation of the independent variable.
8. Accepted standards of right and wrong that guide people's behavior.