Chapter 1 Vocab

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Across
  1. 4. explains how a society creates law as a result of common interest & values, which develop largely because people experience similar socialization
  2. 5. a model of the criminal justice process whereby a four-tiered hierarchy exists with a few celebrated cases at the top, 3 lower tiers increasing in size as seriousness of cases decline & informed process become more likely to occur
  3. 13. a court or jury's judgement or verdict of not guilty of the offenses charged
  4. 14. a model by packer that emphasizes law & order & argues that every effort must be made to suppress crime & to try, convicts & incarcerate offenders &
  5. 15. a penalty or punishment
  6. 17. the taking into custody or detaining of one who is suspected of committing a crime
  7. 18. a model by packer that advocates defendants presumption of innocence protection of suspects rights & limitations placed on police powers to avoid convicting innocent persons
  8. 19. explains how powerful groups create laws to protect their values & interests in diverse societies
  9. 20. a specific, fixed period sentence ordered by a court
Down
  1. 1. the movement of defendants & cases through the criminal justice process/beginning with the commission of a crime,& including stages the involve actions of criminal justice actors working within police, courts ,& correctional agencies
  2. 2. the legal resolution of a dispute for example, when one is declared guilty or not guilty by a judge or jury
  3. 3. elements of a crime that enhance its seriousness such as the infliction of torture, killing of a police or corrections officer, and so on
  4. 6. authority to make decisions in enforcing the law based on observations or judgment rather than the letter of the law
  5. 7. the legal finding by a jury or judge, or through a guilty plea that is a criminal defendant is guilty
  6. 8. early release from prison, with conditions attached and under supervision of a parole agency
  7. 9. circumstances that would tend to lesson the security of the sentence, such as one's youthfulness, mental instability, not having a prior criminal record, and so on
  8. 10. a scheme whereby one is sentenced for a flexible time period so as to be released released when rehabilitated or when the opportunity for rehabilitation is presented
  9. 11. a set of rules of values that spell out appropriate human conduct
  10. 12. a crime control strategy whereby an offender who commits three or more violent offenses will be sentenced to a lengthy term in prison, usually 25 years to life
  11. 16. the bringing of charges against an individual, based on probable cause, so as to bring the matter before a court