Chapter 1 Vocab

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Across
  1. 2. Highly advanced South American civilization that occupied present-day Peru until it was conquered by Spanish forces under Francisco Pizarro in 1532.
  2. 4. Pizarro Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541).
  3. 7. Legend False notion that Spanish conquerors did little but butcher the Indians and steal their gold in the name of Christ.
  4. 9. Native American empire that controlled present-day Mexico until 1521, when they were conquered by Spanish Hernán Cortés.
  5. 11. Cortes Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)
  6. 13. A large-scale agricultural enterprise growing commercial crops and usually employing coerced or slave labor
  7. 19. of Acoma Fought between Spaniards under Don Juan de Onate and the Pueblo Indians in present-day New Mexico.
  8. 20. Columbus Genoese explorer who stumbled upon the West Indies in 1492 while in search of a new water route to Asia.
  9. 21. People of mixed Indian and European heritage, notably in Mexico.
  10. 22. Indian slave woman who was an interpreter for Hernan Cortez on his conquest of the Aztecs.
  11. 23. Small vessel with high decks and three triangular sails; could sail more closely into the wind, allowing European sailors to explore the western shores of Africa.
  12. 24. Economic system characterized by private property, generally free trade, and open and accessible markets.
  13. 25. farming Agricultural system employed by North American Indians as early as 1000 A.D.; maize, beans, and squash were grown together to maximize yields.
Down
  1. 1. Spanish government's policy to "commend", or give, Indians to certain colonists in return for the promise to Christianize them.
  2. 3. Coronado A Spanish soldier and commander; in 1540, he led an expedition north from Mexico into Arizona; he was searching for the legendary Seven Cities of Gold, but only found Adobe pueblos.
  3. 5. Mississippian settlement near present-day East St. Louis, home to as many as 25,000 Native Americans
  4. 6. Shield First part of the North American landmass to emerge above sea level
  5. 8. Sixteenth-century Spaniards who fanned out across the Americas, from Colorado to Argentina, eventually conquering the Aztec and Incan Empires.
  6. 10. de Las Casas Reform-minded Spanish missionary who worked to abolish the encomienda system and documented the mistreatment of Indians in the Spanish colonies.
  7. 12. Revolt of 1680 Pueblo Indian rebellion that drove Spanish settlers from New Mexico
  8. 14. triste "Sad Night" when the Aztecs attacked Hernan Cortes and his forces in the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan, killing hundreds; Cortes laid siege to the city the following year, precipitating the fall of the Aztec empire and inaugurating three centuries of Spanish rule.
  9. 15. comonly describes those societies in which political legitimacy and authority overlay a large degree of cultural commonality.
  10. 16. Exchange The transfer of goods, crops, and diseases between New and Old World societies after 1492.
  11. 17. of Tordesillas Signed by Spain and Portugal, dividing the territories of the New World.
  12. 18. and Isabella During the late 15th century, they became King and Queen of a united Spain after centuries of Islamic domination.