chapter 10

2. an urban area in which it is difficult to buy affordable or good fresh food.
4. a form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.
6. the practice of rotating the use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil.
8. commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.
12. commercial gardening and fruit farming so named truck because in middle English word meaning “bartering” or “exchange of commodities.”
15. farming methods that preserve long term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides.
16. the time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied on hunting and gathering.
17. a flooded field for growing rice.
18. rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high yield seeds and fertilizers.
19. a form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.
20. growth of fruits, vegetables, and flowers.
21. agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products and make sales.

1. degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions such as excessive crop planting.
3. the area surrounding a city in which milk is supplied.
5. harvesting twice a year from the same field.
7. for of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.
9. system of planting crops on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation.
10. a large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country.
11. a patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning.
13. agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer’s family.
14. the seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.