Chapter 10: Agriculture

2. to remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind.
3. agriculture farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of the land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil-restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizers and pesticides.
5. the deliberate effort to modify a portion of the earth’s surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain
7. grain or fruit gathered from a field for harvest during a particular season.
9. the outer covering of a seed
10. tillage the system of planting crops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation.
12. the degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.
14. a flooded field for growing rice.
15. agriculture agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption bythe farmer and the farmer’s family.
16. cultivation a form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.
17. grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing

1. a patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning.
4. commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry usually through ownership by large corporations.
6. the seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures
7. husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing
8. Malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah.
11. revolution rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers.
13. nomadism a form of subsistence agriculture based on her domesticated animals.