Chapter 10 Study Guide

2. the art or practice of garden cultivation and management.
5. the action or practice of moving livestock from one grazing ground to another in a seasonal cycle, typically to lowlands in winter and highlands in summer.
6. an agricultural estate, generally centered on a plantation house, meant for farming that specializes in cash crops, usually mainly planted with a single crop, with perhaps ancillary areas for vegetables for eating and so on.
8. the production of crops of some vegetables on an extensive scale in regions especially suited to their culture primarily for shipment to distant markets
11. the production of crops for sale and is designed to produce crops for widespread distribution (supermarkets), larger markets, and export.
12. a way of life of peoples who do not live continually in the same place but move cyclically or periodically.
13. a wet or irrigated rice field in Indonesia.
16. a mode of farming long followed in the humid tropics of Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and South America.
17. an area of land cleared for cultivation by slashing and burning vegetation.
18. a practice where farmers harvest one crop, and then plant and harvest a second crop in the same field – all within the same year.
19. a form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land. often in very densely populated areas of East, South, and Southeast Asia

1. the practice of planting different crops sequentially on the same plot of land to improve soil health, optimize nutrients in the soil, and combat pest and weed pressure.
3. the unprecedented increase in agricultural production in Britain between the mid-17th and late 19th centuries, was linked to such new agricultural practices as crop rotation, selective breeding, and a more productive use of arable land.
4. the emergence of new varieties of crops, specifically wheat and rice varietals, that were able to double if not triple production of those crops in two countries.
7. agriculture conducted on commercial principles, especially using advanced technology.
9. a form of conservation tillage where the farmer builds ridges or raised beds.
10. the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.
14. an area that has limited access to affordable and nutritious food, in contrast with an area with higher access to supermarkets or vegetable shops with fresh foods, which is called a food oasis.
15. a region producing milk that may be supplied to the area of demand (without spoiling).