Chapter 10 Vocabulary

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Across
  1. 1. Natural chemicals made by the body that help reduce pain and can contribute to feelings of well-being.
  2. 5. The ability to move a joint through its full range of motion.
  3. 6. Light activity before exercise that gradually increases heart rate, breathing, and muscle temperature to prepare the body for harder activity.
  4. 9. behaviors Waking activities done while sitting, reclining, or lying down that use very little energy.
  5. 14. fitness Fitness abilities that support movement and athletic performance: agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, and speed.
  6. 16. Planned, structured, repeated physical activity done to improve or maintain fitness.
  7. 18. exhaustion A heat-related illness caused by excessive loss of water and salt, usually through sweating, with symptoms such as weakness, dizziness, and nausea.
  8. 21. Describes activity that relies mainly on energy processes that do not require oxygen, usually during short, intense efforts.
  9. 27. fitness The ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to supply oxygen to working muscles during sustained activity.
  10. 28. fitness Fitness components connected to health: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition.
  11. 29. heart rate A desired heart-rate range during exercise that matches the intended intensity, usually expressed as a percentage of maximum heart rate.
  12. 30. cramps Painful muscle spasms during or after activity in the heat, often associated with heavy sweating and loss of water and salt.
  13. 31. A brain injury caused by a hit or jolt that makes the head and brain move rapidly back and forth.
Down
  1. 2. A dangerously low body temperature, below 95°F (35°C), caused when the body loses heat faster than it produces it.
  2. 3. How hard a person’s body works during physical activity.
  3. 4. activity Any body movement produced by skeletal muscles that uses energy.
  4. 5. athlete triad Three related health problems: too little available energy for the body’s needs, menstrual disturbances, and low bone mineral density.
  5. 7. The ability to continue physical activity over time without becoming overly tired.
  6. 8. training Using different types of exercise to develop fitness and vary the demands on the body.
  7. 10. An injury in which the bones of a joint are forced out of their normal positions.
  8. 11. A crack or break in a bone.
  9. 12. fitness The ability to perform daily activities with energy and without excessive fatigue, with energy left for recreation and unexpected demands.
  10. 13. heart rate The highest number of times a person’s heart can beat in one minute during maximum physical effort.
  11. 15. A condition in which the body loses more water than it takes in, leaving too little for normal functioning.
  12. 17. The ability to change direction quickly while maintaining control and balance.
  13. 19. A life-threatening emergency in which the body cannot control its temperature, causing dangerous overheating and symptoms such as confusion or unconsciousness.
  14. 20. Describes activity that relies mainly on oxygen to release energy for sustained movement.
  15. 22. The absence of menstrual periods.
  16. 23. Activity Guidelines for Americans Federal, science-based recommendations explaining the types and amounts of physical activity people need for health benefits.
  17. 24. Injury caused by freezing of the skin and underlying tissues.
  18. 25. Light activity after exercise that gradually lowers heart rate and breathing.
  19. 26. Stretching or tearing of a ligament, the tissue connecting bone to bone at a joint.