Chapter 12 Innate Defenses

2. These circulate in the blood and are attracted by signals from infected tissues. They are granulocytes and have a segmented nucleus. "First Responders" to an infection.
6. Short for Pattern-Associated Molecular Patterns and are found on potential pathogens
7. These provide an innate defense that interfere with viruses by helping activate macrophages.
8. These, in invertebrates, carry out phagocytosis and release antimicrobial peptides that disrupt the plasma membranes of fungi and bacteria.
9. This traps and allows for the removal of microbes
12. A fluid rich in white blood cells, dead pathogens, and cell debris from damaged tissues.
13. These are agents that have potential to cause disease, infect a wide range of animals, including humans some bacteria and viruses
16. These are a type of phagocytic cell that are found throughout the body, are agranulocytes (a type of leukocyte), and originate from monocytes.

1. These stimulate development of adaptive immunity in cells that contact the environment like skin. They have long arms that capture and present antigens to the immune system
3. found in all animals (invertebrates & vertebrates),found in plants, and In vertebrates is an immediate response to infections.It also serves as the foundation of adaptive immunity
4. This enables an animal to avoid, or limit many infections.
5. Short for Pattern Recognition Receptor and are found on innate immune cells
10. A life-threatening condition that is caused by an overwhelming/over active inflammatory response. The average mortality rate is almost 40%
11. This is a systemic inflammatory response to the body that is triggered by substances released by macrophages.
14. These are a type of cell that discharge destructive enzymes, are granulocytes, and are involved in allergic and anti-helminth responses.
15. This is the body's first line of defense such as the skin, mucous membranes and secretions