CHAPTER 12: MANIFEST DESTINY AND WESTWARD EXPANSION

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Across
  1. 4. Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints who migrated west seeking religious freedom, settling near the Great Salt Lake.
  2. 6. The 19th-century belief that U.S. expansion across North America was both justified and inevitable.
  3. 8. The U.S. acquisition of French territory under Jefferson, nearly doubling the nation’s size.
  4. 10. A conflict sparked by Texas annexation and border disputes, leading to significant territorial gains for the U.S.
  5. 13. Fur trappers and explorers who opened up routes through the Rocky Mountains, aiding later settlers.
  6. 15. The U.S. purchase of land from Mexico establishing part of the southwestern border.
  7. 16. The forced march of the Cherokee and other tribes to Indian Territory, causing great hardship and many deaths.
  8. 17. The formal incorporation of the Republic of Texas into the United States, heightening tensions with Mexico.
  9. 18. The mass migration to California after the discovery of gold, dramatically boosting the territory’s population.
  10. 19. A trade route between Missouri and Santa Fe used extensively in the early to mid-19th century.
  11. 20. Gold seekers who arrived in California following the discovery at Sutter’s Mill.
Down
  1. 1. A mission in San Antonio where a small group of Texan defenders was defeated by the Mexican Army.
  2. 2. The continually shifting edge of settlement, representing both opportunity and displacement for various groups.
  3. 3. Mexican residents of Texas who played significant roles in the region’s independence and subsequent annexation by the U.S.
  4. 5. Land transferred by Mexico to the U.S. after the war, encompassing much of the modern-day Southwest.
  5. 7. The agreement ending that conflict, granting vast southwestern lands to the United States.
  6. 9. A major route stretching about 2,000 miles from Missouri to the Oregon Country, used by many settlers.
  7. 11. The independent nation formed after Texas broke away from Mexico, existing until it was annexed by the U.S.
  8. 12. A rapidly growing community that often arose near valuable resources or newly opened lands.
  9. 14. A law authorizing the forced relocation of Native American tribes east of the Mississippi River to lands further west.