Chapter 12 Vocabulary

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Across
  1. 4. different techniques are combined to achieve the most effective long-term pest reduction
  2. 5. a loss of more than 10 percent of productivity due to various factors
  3. 7. rows of trees or tall plants that are planted along the edge of fields to slow the wind and reduce wind erosion
  4. 13. mostly of particles 0.05 to 2 millimeters in diameter
  5. 14. agriculture that does not deplete soil faster than it forms
  6. 17. farmers alternate crops grown in a field
  7. 18. food-growing practices that use no synthetic fertilizers, insecticides, fungicides, or herbicides
  8. 19. particles less than 0.002 millimeter in diameter
  9. 22. the planting of different crops in mixed arrangements
  10. 28. distinct layers of soil
  11. 31. the use of genetic engineering to introduce new genes into organisms to produce more valuable products
  12. 32. when too many animals eat too much of the plant growth, impeding regrowth
  13. 33. produces huge amounts of crops and livestock through mechanized farming technology
  14. 35. the desire for more and better food for the world's growing population
  15. 37. organisms that have undergone genetic engineering
  16. 38. the providing of water other than precipitation to crops
  17. 39. the guarantee of an adequate and reliable food supply for all people at all times
  18. 40. transforming steep slopes into a series of steps to cultivate slopes without losing soil to water erosion
Down
  1. 1. organizations that preserve seeds of diverse plants in case of a global crop collapse
  2. 2. biologically powered agriculture/farming that does not use fossil fuels
  3. 3. the deterioration of the soil characteristics needed for plant growth or other ecosystem services
  4. 6. chemicals that kill organisms that attack or compete with plants we value
  5. 7. made up of disintegrated rock, remains of organism wastes, water, gases, nutrients, and microorganisms
  6. 8. fish farming, or aquatic plant and animal farming, for food
  7. 9. farmers plant crop to reduce erosion after a field has been harvested and before the next planting season, this limits nitrogen loss
  8. 10. the continuous mass of solid rock that makes up Earth's crust
  9. 11. the base geological material in a particular location
  10. 12. feed on flower nectar and take collected pollen to the next flower which might then be fertilized
  11. 15. any process in which scientists directly manipulate an organism's DNA
  12. 16. land suitable for farming is running out, especially in drier regions
  13. 20. particles 0.002 to 0.05 millimeter in diameter
  14. 21. a shortage of nutrients the body needs from a healthy variety of foods, which can lead to disease
  15. 23. huge warehouses or pens designed to deliver energy-rich food to livestock or poultry
  16. 24. the buildup of salts in upper soil horizons
  17. 25. the turning over of soil before planting
  18. 26. plowing sideways across a hillside, perpendicular to the hill's slope to reduce erosion
  19. 27. battling pests and weeds with organisms that eat or infect them
  20. 29. the physical and chemical processes that break down rocks and minerals into smaller particles
  21. 30. a cross-section of all the soil horizons in a specific soil
  22. 34. soil with relatively even mixture of the three particle sizes
  23. 36. the amount of a crop produced in a given area