Chapter 13 crossword

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Across
  1. 3. millions of cells generated with the same specificty
  2. 4. subunits conjugated with proteins, making them more immunogenic
  3. 5. a type of immunity that is protection from infection obtained through medical procedures
  4. 7. the body's ability to react to countless foreign substances
  5. 9. always at least one cell capable of a reaction against any antigen
  6. 13. group of genetically identical cells
  7. 15. any immunity obtained by inoculation with selected antigens
  8. 17. helps the t-cell receptor bind to MHC class II molecules
  9. 18. response is focused on a single antigen
  10. 20. a provoked response in correlation to antigen
  11. 23. structural and functional classes of immunoglobulins
  12. 26. special type of antibody that neutralizes bacterial exotoxins.
  13. 27. type of t cell providing immunity from future exposure to antigen
  14. 29. This occurs when an individual receives antibodies from another human or animal
  15. 33. antigens fill the surface receptors on virus or active site on a microbial enzyme to prevent it from attaching normally
  16. 35. found on cytotoxic t cells, helps with MHC class I molecules
  17. 38. only turned on when triggered
  18. 41. areas of extreme versatility from one clone to another
  19. 42. these cells help control the t-cell response by secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines
  20. 43. this activation is the combination of these stimuli on the membrane receptors causes a signal to be transmitted internally to the B-cell nucleus.
  21. 44. encode proteins involved with the complement\system,among others 12
  22. 45. small foreign molecules too small b themselves to elicit an immune response
  23. 46. code for immune regulatory markers. these markers are found in macrophages, dendritic cells, b cells
  24. 49. in most immune reactions, the antigen must be formally presented to lymphocytes by
  25. 50. monomer in plasma;prevents adherence to epithelia
  26. 51. the immune system is exposed again to the same immunogen within weeks, months, or even years
  27. 52. earliest secretion of breast milk
  28. 53. molecules that can be seen and identified by the immune system
  29. 54. does not react with self-antigens
Down
  1. 1. The site on the antibody where the epitope binds
  2. 2. antigens that evoke allergic reactions
  3. 6. these receptors' major role is to receive or grasp antigens in some way
  4. 8. a set of genes coding for human cell markers or receptor
  5. 10. purifed bacterial exotoxin that has been chemically denatured
  6. 11. a growth factor for the t helper cells and cytotoxic t cells
  7. 12. pockets in the ends of the forks of the molecules that can be highly variable in shape so that they can fit a wide range of antigens
  8. 14. attachment of antibody to foreign cells and viruses is followed by binding of the Fc end to phagocytes
  9. 16. serves as antigen receptors for b cells
  10. 17. The mechanism by which the exactly correct B or T cell is activated by any incoming antigen
  11. 19. this response is during the initial exposure to an antigen the system undergoes
  12. 21. Immunity only required after an immunizing event (i.e an infection)
  13. 22. any immunity acquired through the normal biological experiences of a human being
  14. 24. vaccines for bacteria
  15. 25. the lack of response to specific antigens
  16. 28. code for markers that appear on all nucleated cells.They display unique characteristics of self and allow fort the recognition of self-molecules and the regulation of immune reactions.
  17. 30. stimulates release of histamines, attacks eosinophils
  18. 31. b cell membrane antigen receptor
  19. 32. levels of antibodies in the serum over a period of time
  20. 34. these T cells lead to the destruction of infected host cells as wells as other foreign cells
  21. 36. cell surface markers/molecules occurring in members of the species but not in others
  22. 37. attack foreign cells and diseased host cells
  23. 39. process by which any such clones are destroyed during development
  24. 40. antigens involved in MHC
  25. 44. receptors surrounding the t-cell and assisting in binding
  26. 47. coat the surface of a bacterium, preventing its normal function
  27. 48. class of antigens resulting in an excessive activation of the immune system
  28. 52. cluster of differentiation