chapter 14

2. Immunodeficiency – A disorder caused by inherited defects in the immune system.
4. Triggers – External factors (like infections or toxins) that may activate autoimmune responses.
5. Hypothesis – The idea that reduced exposure to microbes in early childhood may lead to increased allergies and immune disorders.
6. II Hypersensitivity – An immune response where antibodies attack the body’s own cells (e.g., certain autoimmune diseases).
8. Infections – Infections that occur more frequently or severely in people with weakened immune systems.
10. – The study of diseases caused by dysfunctions of the immune system.
13. – A weakened or insufficient immune response, making the body more vulnerable to infections.
14. Immunodeficiency – A weakened immune system caused by external factors like illness, malnutrition, or medications.

1. – Substances that trigger an allergic (hypersensitive) immune response, such as pollen or pet dander.
3. Predisposition – An inherited increased likelihood of developing autoimmune diseases.
5. – An excessive or overactive immune response that can damage the body (like allergies).
7. Disease – A condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues.
9. I Hypersensitivity – An immediate allergic reaction involving IgE antibodies (e.g., hay fever, anaphylaxis).
11. IV Hypersensitivity – A delayed immune response involving T-cells rather than antibodies (e.g., contact dermatitis).
12. III Hypersensitivity – Caused by immune complex buildup in tissues, leading to inflammation.