Chapter 14 Review

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Across
  1. 2. Present Intracellular antigens and are transported to the cell membrane and displayed on this MHC
  2. 5. Like memory T cells, remain in reserve to respond to next infection
  3. 7. the ingestion of bacteria and other material by phagocytes
  4. 9. A form of acquired immunity that develops in response to antigen exposure
  5. 10. The specialized cells multiply to attach to the pathogen
  6. 11. Immunity that results from the presence of antibodies in blood and lymph.
  7. 12. Are made up of Neutrophils which are bacteria phages and Eosinophils which protect us from parasitic infection
  8. 13. The process of which cells attach to the surface or to another cell
  9. 14. Bean-shaped filters that cluster along the lymphatic vessels of the body. They phagocytize foreign substances. They function as a cleanser of lymph as wells as a site of T and B cell activation.
  10. 17. These cells are activated by Class I MHC. Function to suppress the activity of B-Cells and T-Cells
  11. 20. Functions to make tears. Tears are used to lubricate the eyes and with the aid of the eyelids, prevent microbes from becoming established on the eye. Tears also wash away foreign particles like dust.
  12. 23. Areas that ling the mouth, noser, lungs, stomach, intestines etc.. These membrane line the boy cavities and secrete mucus. Mucus lubricates the surface of the membrane and traps microbes and foreign particles
  13. 25. the body's natural defense to tissue injury or infection, involving a complex signaling cascade that triggers redness, heat, swelling, and pain
  14. 29. the watery fluid in the lymph vessels collected from the tissue spaces
  15. 30. the process of drawing antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells and macrophages, to a specific location to initiate an immune response
  16. 32. Signaling proteins secreted by T cells and other cells to aid and regulate the immune response
  17. 37. These cells recognize the original invading pathogen which allows for faster response when antigen is encountered in the future.
  18. 38. Found in antigen presenting cells and are transported to the cell membrane and displayed on this MHC
  19. 39. Masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx. They function to capture pathogens and phagocytize foreign
  20. 41. Immune system must be able to tell the difference between
  21. 44. Cells that release cytosine (such as histamine) that promote inflammation.
  22. 45. Foreign substances that trigger the attack of antibodies in the immune response.
  23. 46. Immune system must be able to remember previously encountered antigens
  24. 47. Regulator cells that activate, or call up, B cells to produce antibodies
  25. 51. The production of lymphocytes from lymphoid stem cells
  26. 54. Cells created in the thymus that produce substances that attack infected cells in the body
  27. 57. Plasma cells make and secrete large numbers of antibodies; Helper B cells and Memory B cells similar in function to T cell equivalents
  28. 59. dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells, which process antigens and activate cells of the immune system
  29. 60. Immune system cell responsible for suppressing viruses and destroying tumor cells
  30. 61. The skin, mucous membranes, and secretions help remove bacteria and fungi
  31. 62. Chemical stored in mast cells that triggers dilation and increased permeability of capillaries.
  32. 63. vessels that receive lymph from the lymph capillaries and circulate it to the lymph nodes
  33. 64. type of immunity produced by T cells that attack infected or abnormal body cells
Down
  1. 1. An immune organ located near the heart. Is the site of T cell maturation and is larger in children and adolescents.
  2. 3. When a B cell recognizes an antigen, which triggers a two-step process involving antigen presentation and T helper cell activation it also produces Cytokines which specialize B-Cells into plasma cells.
  3. 4. A system of over 30 proteins made in the liver that bind to bacteria, attracting phagocytes and promoting inflammation.
  4. 6. Chemicals released by the immune system communicate with the brain and is produced by many different cells
  5. 8. A form of acquired immunity that you receive from someone else usually a parent
  6. 15. An organ that is part of the lymphatic system; it produces lymphocytes, filters the blood, stores blood cells, and destroys old blood cells.
  7. 16. Inflammation that is ongoing and is caused by foreign bodies, ongoing defense against pathogens (like allergies), autoimmune diseases.
  8. 18. Cell movement that occurs in response to chemical stimulus
  9. 19. Enzyme that breaks down bacterial cell walls.
  10. 20. They are lipid molecules that trigger and sustain inflammatory responses. They attract neutrophils from the blood to the site of injury.
  11. 21. Cells manufactured in the bone marrow that create antibodies for isolating and destroying invading bacteria and viruses.
  12. 22. Y shaped molecule composed of 2 Heavy chains and 2 light chains. They have 2 variable regions which function as antigen binding sites.
  13. 24. Amoeboid cells that develop from monocytes, that roam connective tissue and engulf foreign particles and debris of dead cells.
  14. 26. Initial response to a specific antigen. During a primary response, T and B lymphocytes are activated and specific antibodies and memory cells to the antigen produced.
  15. 27. Different cells specialize and become different types of cells
  16. 28. System must be able to fight any foreign antigen at any time
  17. 31. Inflammation occurring for a limited time period; rapidly developing
  18. 33. T cell will only become activated if it binds to a the foreign antigen and at the same time receives a second signal, costimulation. Molecules on the surface of the APC cause the cells to bind to each other temporarily.
  19. 34. Is when a phagocytic cell surrounds and engulfs a target particle or microorganism
  20. 35. Having a specific defense against a specific antigen
  21. 36. These cells are activated by Class II MHC. Function to stimulate proliferation of other T and B Cells that are already bound to the antigens
  22. 40. Cells that develop from B cells and produce antibodies.
  23. 42. These cells are activated by Class I MHC. Like natural killer cells but only T-Cells directly attack and kill other cells
  24. 43. Being able to tell the difference between self and non-self antigens
  25. 48. Response to a specific antigen only after having been exposed to it
  26. 49. Region closer to the membrane that is relatively constant between receptors
  27. 50. Response to a specific antigen in a later interactions with the same foreign substance; faster and more effective due to "memory"
  28. 52. Region in antibody that is further from the membrane and amino acid sequence varies between receptors
  29. 53. A group of bioactive, hormone-like chemicals derived from fatty acids that have a wide variety of biological effects including roles in inflammation, platelet aggregation, vascular smooth muscle dilation and constriction, cell growth, protection of from acid in the stomach, and many more.
  30. 55. The initial exposure to antigen which enters a B-Cell and they get presented by the Class II MHC
  31. 56. Cells that develop from B cells and produce antibodies.
  32. 57. Step where antigen-presenting cells (APCs) break down internalized antigens into smaller peptides for presentation on MHC molecules to T cells
  33. 58. Antigen receptors on the surface of the T-Cell recognize and bind to antigen fragments presented by MHC