Chapter 14&16

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Across
  1. 2. ____ risk is simply the proportion of people who experienced an undesirable outcome in each group.
  2. 5. One construct validation approach is the ________ technique, which yields evidence of contrast validity.
  3. 6. The _____ needed to treat (NNT represents an estimate of how many people would need to receive a treatment or intervention to prevent one undesirable outcome.
  4. 7. validity ______ validity reflects an instrument’s ability to distinguish individuals who differ on a present criterion.
  5. 11. The _________ matrix method (MTMM) is a significant construct validation tool. This procedure involves the concepts of convergence and discriminability.
  6. 12. ______ analysis is a method of identifying clusters of related variables.
  7. 13. The absolute risk ______ represents a comparison of the two risks.
  8. 14. _____ is the measure’s ability to identify noncases correctly, that is, to screen out those without the condition.
  9. 15. A ______ table (or crosstabs table) is a two-dimensional frequency distribution in which the frequencies of two variables are crosstabulated.
  10. 16. Relative risk _____ is another useful index for evaluating the effectiveness of an interventions.
  11. 18. validity ______ validity refers to the adequacy of an instrument in differentiating between people’s performance on a future criterion.
  12. 19. ______ is the ability of a measure to identify a “case” correctly, that is, to screen in or diagnosis a condition correctly. Yielding “true positives”
Down
  1. 1. An instrument’s content validity is necessarily based on _______.
  2. 3. Relationships between two variables are usually described through _____ procedures.
  3. 4. _____ risk represents the estimated proportion of the original risk of an adverse outcome that persists when people are exposed to the intervention.
  4. 8. An instrument is said to have __________ validity if its scores correlated highly with scores on an external criterion.
  5. 9. Most research is about relationships between variables, and _______ (two-variable) descriptive statistics describe such relationships.
  6. 10. ____ ratio is a widely reported index, even though it is less intuitively meaningful than RR as an index of risk.
  7. 17. validity ____ validity is a key criterion for assessing the quality of a study.
  8. 20. The correlation question is: To what extent are two variables related to each other? ‘True’ or ‘False’?