Chapter 16 Viruses, Prokaryotes, Protists, and Fungi

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Across
  1. 7. an organism that cannot live in the presence of oxygen
  2. 9. a mutualistic relationship between fungi and plant roots
  3. 12. a small infectious agent made up only of proteins
  4. 15. an organism that must live in the presence of oxygen
  5. 19. the exchange of genetic material between two bacterial cells
  6. 20. plant-like protists that make their own food through photosynthesis
  7. 23. a form of reproduction where a single-celled organism increases in size and then splits into two complete organisms
  8. 27. a mass of tightly intertwined hyphae of a fungus
  9. 31. the use of microorganisms to treat toxic waste or oil spills
  10. 32. a protective, dormant cell formed by some bacteria during environmental stress
  11. 33. a haploid reproductive cell found in plants and fungi
  12. 35. sphere-shaped bacteria
  13. 38. an enzyme used by retroviruses that makes a DNA copy of the viral RNA genome
  14. 39. a symbiotic partnership between an alga and a fungus
Down
  1. 1. thin filaments that make up the body of a fungus
  2. 2. a form of viral replication in which the viral genes are added to and copied along with the host cell genome without destroying the host cell
  3. 3. a process carried out by certain bacteria that convert or "fix" atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia
  4. 4. a tough yet flexible carbohydrate found in the cell walls of fungi and in the exoskeleton of some arthropods
  5. 5. any virus that infects bacteria
  6. 6. a drug made with an inactive or incomplete part of a pathogen used to increase a person's own immunity to that pathogen
  7. 8. a sudden increase in the population of either algae or cyanobacteria
  8. 10. spiral shaped bacterial cells
  9. 11. a single-celled eukaryote that can move and is heterotrophic
  10. 13. an outer layer of polysaccharides that surrounds the cell wall of some bacteria
  11. 14. a type of virus where the genetic material of the virus is converted from RNA to DNA, which is the reverse flow of genetic information
  12. 16. a long whip-like structure found in some cells that facilitates movement
  13. 17. a form of asexual reproduction where the offspring grows out of the body of the parent
  14. 18. a thick-walled reproductive structure formed by the connection between two hyphae of two fungi
  15. 21. a form of viral replication in which many copies of viruses are made within the host cell, causing the cell to burst
  16. 22. a short tube-like structure that projects out from some prokaryotes that aids in attachment or reproduction
  17. 24. a spore producing structure present in some fungi
  18. 25. a small infectious agent composed of only nucleic acids and without protein
  19. 26. a small circular DNA strand in the cytoplasm of bacteria that can replicate independently from the bacterial chromosome and may be transferred between bacterial cells
  20. 28. extensions of an amoeboid protist used to move and to capture and engulf food
  21. 29. the process in which energy from inorganic chemical compounds is used to produce organic compounds, such as carbohydrates
  22. 30. a protein coat that surrounds the genetic material of a virus
  23. 34. an organism, virus, or infectious protein that causes disease or illness in another organism
  24. 36. a piece of genetic material enclosed in a protein coat
  25. 37. rod-shaped bacteria