Chapter 17

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Across
  1. 4. reddish-violet erythrocyte inclusion resembling the figure 8 on Romanowsky-stained blood smears that can be found in some cases of severe anemia (2 words)
  2. 5. addition of a carboxyl group to coagulation factors in the prothrombin group (II, VII, IX, X, proteins C, S, Z) in the liver; it is necessary for the factor to become functional. Vitamin K is required for this reaction
  3. 8. hemoglobin without oxygen
  4. 9. extravascular coagulation whether occurring in vitro or in blood shed into the tissues or body cavities
  5. 11. other term for anemia of chronic disease (3 words)
  6. 15. part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord (3 words)
  7. 16. Clinical condition resulting from abnormal iron metabolism characterized by accumulation of iron deposits in body tissues
  8. 18. the spleen’s filtration and destruction of senescent/damaged red cells
  9. 20. form of congenital and acquired disorders characterized by an increase in total body iron, the presence of ring sideroblasts in the bone marrow, hypochromic erythrocytes in the peripheral blood, and deficiency of hemoglobin and/or erythrocytes (2 words)
  10. 23. protein that transports ferrous iron across the basolateral membrane of enterocytes
  11. 25. cellular protein that combines with iron to form ferritin; found attached only to iron, not in the free form
  12. 27. water insoluble, heterogeneous iron–protein complex found primarily in the cytoplasm of cells (normoblasts and histiocytes in the bone marrow, liver, and spleen); the major long-term storage form of iron. It is readily visible microscopically in unstained tissue specimens as irregular aggregates of golden yellow to brown granules. It can be visualized with Prussian-blue stain as blue granules that are normally distributed randomly or diffused
  13. 28. primary constriction that attaches sister chromatids in a chromosome, dividing them into long and short arms
  14. 29. nuclear structure seen during mitosis and meiosis consisting of supercoiled DNA with histone and nonhistone proteins; consists of two identical (sister) chromatids attached at the centromere
  15. 30. extracellular portion of the protein of the b-globulin group receiver that is cleaved by proteolytic enzymes as the erythrocytes mature and is released into the blood (3 words)
  16. 31. cytoplasmic organelle that is the point of origin for the contractile protein known as spindle fiber
  17. 32. cross-linked fibrin degradation product that is the result of plasmin’s proteolytic activity on a fibrin clot
  18. 35. iron transport protein without iron attached
  19. 36. abnormal state caused by decrease in hemoglobin that accompanies many chronic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. It is characterized by low serum iron but normal iron stores. There is a block in iron release from macrophages for iron recycling mediated by hepcidin produced in response to IL-6, an inflammatory cytokine (4 words)
  20. 37. place in the cell cycle at which its progress can be halted until conditions are suitable for the cell to proceed to the next stage (4 words)
  21. 38. portion of transferrin that is not complexed with iron (4 words)
  22. 41. ferroxidase that converts Fe+ to Fe++ for binding to transferrin. Export of iron from nonintestinal cells, including macrophages, requires this protein
  23. 43. one of the three interacting pathways in the coagulation cascade. It includes three rate-limiting steps: (1) activation of factor X by the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, (2) conversion of prothrombin to thrombin by activated factor X, and (3) cleavage of fibrinogen to fibrin (3 words)
  24. 44. Maximum amount of iron able to be bound in the serum (4 words)
  25. 46. Lead poisoning
  26. 48. a storage form of iron found primarily in the bone marrow, spleen, and liver
  27. 49. bluish color of the skin and mucous membranes that develops as a result of excess deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood
Down
  1. 1. present at birth
  2. 2. iron-containing particle in mature erythrocytes. On Romanowsky stain, it is visible near the periphery of the cell and often occurs in clusters (2 words)
  3. 3. target cell
  4. 4. reciprocal exchange of genetic material between chromatids; normally occurs in meiosis to increase the diversity of the species
  5. 6. cobalt-containing complex that is common to all subgroups of the vitamin B12 group
  6. 7. liquid substance normally produced to protect the brain and spinal cord. Produced by the choroid plexus cells and absorbed by the arachnoid pia, it circulates in the subarachnoid space (2 words)
  7. 10. complex condition in which the normal clotting process is altered (resulting in systemic rather than localized activation) by an underlying condition. Resulting complications can include thrombotic occlusion of vessels, bleeding, and ultimately organ failure. Initiated by multiple triggers, most involving damage to the endothelial lining of vessels (3 words)
  8. 12. microcytic, hypochromic disorder caused by a deficiency of total body iron, resulting in iron-restricted erythropoiesis (3 words)
  9. 13. biochemical and morphological stages a cell passes through leading up to its division; includes G1, S, G2 and M phases (2 words)
  10. 14. amount of plasma β1-globulin that is complexed with iron (2 words)
  11. 17. coagulation factors in the intrinsic pathway involved with the initial activation of the coagulation system including factors XII, XI, prekallikrein, and high-molecular-weight kininogen. Activation of the factors requires contact with a negatively charged surface (2 words)
  12. 19. hematology screening test that includes the white blood cell (WBC) count, red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and, often, platelet count. It can also include red cell indices (3 words)
  13. 21. plasma β1-globulin responsible for binding iron and transporting it in the bloodstream
  14. 22. group of inherited disorders characterized by a block in porphyrin synthesis caused by a defect in one or more of the enzymes in the heme synthesis pathway. It causes a buildup of compounds of heme precursors that accumulate in tissues and are excreted in large amounts in the urine and/or feces
  15. 24. compound formed when hemoglobin is exposed to carbon monoxide; it is incapable of oxygen transport
  16. 26. protein produced by many cell types; it modulates the function of other cell types. The group includes interleukins, colony-stimulating factors, and interferons
  17. 30. anemia blood disorder caused by insufficient iron for erythropoiesis resulting in a deficiency of hemoglobin (2 words)
  18. 33. master iron-regulating protein that regulates iron recycling/balance via interaction with ferroportin; a negative regulator of intestinal iron absorption
  19. 34. laboratory result that reflects a life-threatening situation determined by a physician and for which an intervention is possible (2 words)
  20. 39. structure of DNA during G0 and G1 of the cell cycle. After S phase, DNA has been replicated, and the chromosome consists of two parallel, identical chromatids held together at the centromere
  21. 40. coagulation component that functions together with other coagulation factors. It is required for the conversion of specific zymogens to the active enzyme form
  22. 42. comparison of current hematology results to the most recently reported previous result for a given patient; helps detect certain random errors (2 words)
  23. 43. migration in response to a chemical signal or stimulation
  24. 45. perversion of appetite that leads to bizarre eating practices
  25. 47. sequence of three nucleotides that encodes a particular amino acid