Chapter 18 & 19 Key Terms/People

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Across
  1. 3. Proposed by India’s Muslims, which was the division of India into separate Hindu and Muslim nations.
  2. 5. Became president of Mexico in 2000 after voters put an end to PRI rule, he advocated reforming the police, removed political corruption, ended the rebellion in Chiapas, and opened Mexico’s economy to free-market forces.
  3. 6. Majority Muslim area in southwestern Russia declared its independence, but Yeltsin rejected the regions right to secede, both Russia and Chechnya signed a cease-fire.
  4. 7. Idea introduced by Gorbachev for economic restructuring, made changes to revive the soviet union economy and people were allowed to open small private businesses.
  5. 10. Formerly known as East Pakistan, declared itself an independent nation on March 26, 1971.
  6. 14. A policy that completely separated all races, banned social contacts between whites and blacks and established segregated schools, hospitals, and neighborhoods.
  7. 16. Policy that was intended to rid Bosnia of its Muslim population, Serbian military used violence and forced emigration against Bosnian Muslims living in Serb-held lands.
  8. 19. Leader of the nonviolent movement to give the Africans full freedom, organized strikes, and boycotts. Became Ghana’s first prime minister and later its president for life.
  9. 20. Ethnic group that occupied the nation of Sri Lanka, fought for an armed struggle for a separate nation.
  10. 21. Seized the power of Congo in 1965 and renamed the country Zaire, maintained control through a combination of force, one-party rule, and gifts to supporters.
  11. 22. Practice of democracy, includes high levels of education and literacy, economic security, and freedoms of speech, press, and assembly
  12. 26. Palestinian officials formed this organization in 1964 to push for the formation of a Palestinian State.
  13. 27. served as President of Poland from 1990 to 1995. Attempted to revive Poland toward a free-market economy
  14. 29. a Kenyan nationalist, refused to condemn the Mau Mau and claimed to have no connection to this group, later imprisoned by the British for nearly a decade.
  15. 30. President of the Philippines in 1965, imposed an authoritarian regime and stole millions of dollars from the public treasury.
  16. 32. On August 1999, the East Timorese voted for independence which led to a bloody rampage between pro-Indonesian forces and the East Timorese. The UN forces brought peace to the area, and in 2002 East Timor celebrated independence
  17. 35. Burma’s pro-democracy movement, led by Aung San Suu Kyi, in the 1990 election won 80 percent of the seats.
  18. 38. A practice of democracy that allows all citizens equal before the law, shared a national identity, and protection of individual rights.
  19. 40. a Conservative Islamic group that controlled 90 percent of Afghanistan in 1998
  20. 41. A huge public space in the heart of Beijing where students started a protest for democracy, students also began hunger strikes in order to get support for their cause.
  21. 42. Was a federation of what previously had been British Malaya comprising eleven states, became independent in 1957 and Malaysia was formed in 1963.
  22. 43. Gorbachev announced this policy that brought remarkable changes in the Soviet Union. This allowed churches to open, dissidents from prison, and allowed the publication of previously banned books.
  23. 45. The opposition forces banded together to form a group that is also known as the holy warriors, they took up arms and fought against the Soviet troops into Afghanistan to conquer the country.
  24. 47. On July 1, 1997, Great Britain Handed Hong Kong over to China, as part of the transfer, China promised to respect Hong Kong’s economic system and political liberties.
  25. 48. the distribution of power among the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government, with a particular view in balancing these powers.
  26. 49. Practice of democracy, includes having more than one political party and universal suffrage.
Down
  1. 1. Also known as Myanmar, pressed for independence from Britain for decades and became a sovereign republic in 1948.
  2. 2. In 1991 he became the Russian Federation’s first directly elected president, became Yeltsin rival, but both faced the common enemy, Communist officials.
  3. 4. The shift to free-market economics, lowered trade barriers, removed price controls, and ended subsidies to state-owned industries.
  4. 8. Polish workers at the Gdansk shipyard went on strike and demanded government recognition of their union.
  5. 9. The ruling committee of the Communist Party decided what writers could publish, restricted freedom of speech and worship in the Soviet Union.
  6. 11. Country formed after WWI that had eight major ethnic groups: Serbs, Croats, Muslims, Slovenes, Macedonians, Albanians, Hungarians, and Montenegrins. Each republic had a mixed population which caused republics to declare independence and ethnic cleansing.
  7. 12. The eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union, he was General Secretary of its governing Communist Party from 1985 until 1991. Brought remarkable changes to the Soviet such as Glasnost and Perestroika.
  8. 13. The area east of the Caspian Sea and extending to the Tian Shan and Pamir mountains include the five nations: Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan.
  9. 15. Became Mexico’s main force for political stability in 1946, controlled the Congress and won every presidential election until Carlos Salinas won the presidency in 1988.
  10. 17. Won the elections of 1986, become the first woman president of the Philippines and ratified a new constitution during her presidency to become more democratic
  11. 18. Led the effort to establish an independent Indonesia, In August 1945 he proclaimed Indonesia’s independence and named himself president.
  12. 23. After fighting intensified with other Arab forces, Israel declared its independence on May 14, 1948
  13. 24. A set of goals that Deng used to help China’s economy, called for progress in agriculture, industry, defense, and science and technology.
  14. 25. Leader of the African National Congress (ANC), was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election
  15. 28. A battle between the India and Pakistan, fought over a region had majority Muslim population. United nations left a third of Kashmir to under Pakistani control and the rest under Indian control.
  16. 31. Leader of the National League for Democracy, also the first woman to serve as Minister for Foreign Affairs.
  17. 33. A movement to celebrate African culture, heritage, and values. Formed by the French-speaking Africans and West Indians to express their growing sense of black pride.
  18. 34. Also known as the Indian National Congress, India’s national political party.
  19. 36. Leader of the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) and became the first president of Algeria. Attempted to make Algeria a socialist state, but was overthrown in 1965.
  20. 37. Kubitschek built the new capital city, this project caused Brazil’s foreign debt and inflation to dramatically increase.
  21. 39. The Congress Party’s main competition, an organization founded in 1906 in India to protect Muslim interests.
  22. 44. Put an end to the rebellion in Indonesia, then seized power for himself and turned Indonesia into a police state.
  23. 46. The way Palestinians expressed their frustrations in a widespread campaign of civil disobedience, also known as uprisings and took the form of boycotts, demonstrations, attacks, and rock throwing.