CHAPTER 18

4. hairlike, submicroscopic structure made of protein that can help a bacterial cell attach to environmental surfaces and act as a bridge between cells.
5. area in a prokaryotic cell that contains a large, circular chromosome.
8. viral replication process in which viral DNA inserts into the host cell’s chromosome, may remain dormant and later activate and instruct the host cell to produce more viruses.
11. outer protein layer that surrounds the genetic material of a virus.
12. RNA virus, such as HIV, with reverse transcriptase in its core.

1. polysaccharide layer secreted around the cell wall by some prokaryotes that prevents the cell from drying out and helps the cell attach to environmental surfaces.
2. protein that can cause infection or disease.
3. viral replication process in which genetic material of the virus enters the host cell’s cytoplasm, the cell replicates the viral DNA or RNA, and the host cell is instructed to manufacture capsids assemble new viral particles which then leave the cell.
6. asexual form of reproduction used by some prokaryotes in which a cell divides into two genetically identical cells.
7. form of reproduction used by some prokaryotes in which the prokaryotic cell attach to each other and exchange genetic material.
9. (microscopic prokaryotes) most are beneficial to humans and to the environment, but a small percentage can cause disease.
10. nonliving strand of genetic material that cannot replicate on its own, has a nucleic acid core, a protein coat, and can invade cells and alter cellular function.