Chapter 2

3. an apparent shift in the position of an object when viewed from different locationsRed giant – a large, reddish star late in its life cycle
6. dwarf – a small, hot, dim star that is the leftover center of an old star
8. magnitude – thee brightness of a star seen from the Earth
10. a rapidly spinning neutron star that emits rapid pulses of radio and optical energy
11. star a star that has collapsed under gravity to the point that the electrons and protons have smashed together to form neutrons
12. magnitude – the brightness that a star would have at a distance of 32.6 light-years from Earth

1. the band of color produced when white light passes through a prism
2. hole an object so massive and dense that even light cannot escape its gravity
4. the distance that light travels in one year; about 9.5 trillion kilometers (5.903 x 10^12 miles)
5. a gigantic explosion in which a massive star collapses and throws its outer layers into space
7. diagram – Hertzsprung-Russell diagram – a graph that shows the relationship between a star’s surface temperature and absolute magnitude
9. sequence the location on the H-R diagram where most stars lie