Chapter 2-Biology and Psychology

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Across
  1. 5. One’s actual development and appearance, based on one’s genotype and environment influences
  2. 6. An inhibitory neurotransmitter that apparently helps calm anxiety
  3. 8. Twins that develop from a single fertilized ovum that divides in two early in prenatal development; identical
  4. 9. A method of brain imaging that passes a narrow X-ray beam through the head and measures the structures that reflect the beams from various angles, enabling a computer to generate a three-dimensional image
  5. 12. A fatty substance that encases and insulates axons
  6. 14. The concept that holds that adaptive genetic variations among members of a species enable individuals with those variations to survive and reproduce
  7. 15. A method of brain imaging that injects radioactive tracer into the bloodstream and assesses the activity of parts of the brain according to the amount of glucose they metabolize
  8. 19. The inborn, innate character of an organism
  9. 20. A neurotransmitter whose action is similar to that of the hormone epinephrine and that may play a role in depression
  10. 21. A location on a dendrite of a receiving neuron tailored to receive a neurotransmitter
  11. 22. A method of detecting brain waves by means of measuring the current between electrodes placed on the scalp
  12. 23. A bundle of nuclei below the thalamus involved in body temperature, motivation, and emotion
  13. 24. A neurotransmitter that affects the ability to perceive pleasure, voluntary movement, and learning and memory
  14. 25. The branch of psychology that studies the ways in which adaptation and natural selection are connected with mental processes and behavior
  15. 27. A part of the hindbrain involved in muscle coordination and balance
  16. 29. The branch of the ANS that is most active during processes that restore the body’s reserves of energy
  17. 31. The part of the nervous system consisting of the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system
  18. 35. The sum total of the environmental factors that affect an organism from conception onward
  19. 36. A specialized cell of the nervous system that receives and transmits messages
  20. 39. The section of cortex in which sensory information is projected
  21. 40. A disruption in the ability to understand or produce language
Down
  1. 1. A neurotransmitter involved in emotional arousal and sleep; deficiencies of serotonin have been linked to eating disorders, alcoholism, depression, aggression, and insomnia
  2. 2. A thick fiber bundle that connects the hemispheres of the cortex
  3. 3. A neurotransmitter that controls muscle contractions
  4. 4. Cells that remove dead neurons and waste products from the nervous system
  5. 7. Twins that develop from two fertilized ova and who are thus as closely related as brothers and sisters in general; fraternal
  6. 10. The division of the peripheral nervous system that connects the central nervous system with sensory receptors skeletal muscles, and the surface of the body
  7. 11. Brain and spinal cord
  8. 13. The division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates glands and activities such as heartbeat, respiration, digestion, and dilation of the pupils
  9. 16. The body’s system of ductless glands that secrete hormones and release them directly into the bloodstream
  10. 17. A structure of the hindbrain involved in respiration, attention, and slipped and arousal
  11. 18. The large mass of the forebrain, which consists of two hemisphere
  12. 26. The transmission of traits from parent to offspring by means of genes
  13. 28. An area near the center of the brain involved in the relay of sensory information to the cortex and in the functions of sleep and attention
  14. 30. An oblong area of the hindbrain involved in the regulation of heartbeat, blood pressure, movement, and respiration
  15. 32. Inhibitory neurotransmitters that occur naturally in the brain and in the bloodstream and are similar to the narcotic morphine in their functions and effects
  16. 33. The structure of the brain that is involved in memory function
  17. 34. An imaging method that places a person in a magnetic field and uses radio waves to cause the brain to emit signals that reveal shifts in the flow of blood, which indicate brain activity
  18. 37. One’s genetic makeup, based on the sequencing of the nucleotides we term A, C, G, and T
  19. 38. Basic unit of heredity, which is found at a specific point on a chromosome