Chapter 2-Biology and Psychology
Across
- 5. One’s actual development and appearance, based on one’s genotype and environment influences
- 6. An inhibitory neurotransmitter that apparently helps calm anxiety
- 8. Twins that develop from a single fertilized ovum that divides in two early in prenatal development; identical
- 9. A method of brain imaging that passes a narrow X-ray beam through the head and measures the structures that reflect the beams from various angles, enabling a computer to generate a three-dimensional image
- 12. A fatty substance that encases and insulates axons
- 14. The concept that holds that adaptive genetic variations among members of a species enable individuals with those variations to survive and reproduce
- 15. A method of brain imaging that injects radioactive tracer into the bloodstream and assesses the activity of parts of the brain according to the amount of glucose they metabolize
- 19. The inborn, innate character of an organism
- 20. A neurotransmitter whose action is similar to that of the hormone epinephrine and that may play a role in depression
- 21. A location on a dendrite of a receiving neuron tailored to receive a neurotransmitter
- 22. A method of detecting brain waves by means of measuring the current between electrodes placed on the scalp
- 23. A bundle of nuclei below the thalamus involved in body temperature, motivation, and emotion
- 24. A neurotransmitter that affects the ability to perceive pleasure, voluntary movement, and learning and memory
- 25. The branch of psychology that studies the ways in which adaptation and natural selection are connected with mental processes and behavior
- 27. A part of the hindbrain involved in muscle coordination and balance
- 29. The branch of the ANS that is most active during processes that restore the body’s reserves of energy
- 31. The part of the nervous system consisting of the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system
- 35. The sum total of the environmental factors that affect an organism from conception onward
- 36. A specialized cell of the nervous system that receives and transmits messages
- 39. The section of cortex in which sensory information is projected
- 40. A disruption in the ability to understand or produce language
Down
- 1. A neurotransmitter involved in emotional arousal and sleep; deficiencies of serotonin have been linked to eating disorders, alcoholism, depression, aggression, and insomnia
- 2. A thick fiber bundle that connects the hemispheres of the cortex
- 3. A neurotransmitter that controls muscle contractions
- 4. Cells that remove dead neurons and waste products from the nervous system
- 7. Twins that develop from two fertilized ova and who are thus as closely related as brothers and sisters in general; fraternal
- 10. The division of the peripheral nervous system that connects the central nervous system with sensory receptors skeletal muscles, and the surface of the body
- 11. Brain and spinal cord
- 13. The division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates glands and activities such as heartbeat, respiration, digestion, and dilation of the pupils
- 16. The body’s system of ductless glands that secrete hormones and release them directly into the bloodstream
- 17. A structure of the hindbrain involved in respiration, attention, and slipped and arousal
- 18. The large mass of the forebrain, which consists of two hemisphere
- 26. The transmission of traits from parent to offspring by means of genes
- 28. An area near the center of the brain involved in the relay of sensory information to the cortex and in the functions of sleep and attention
- 30. An oblong area of the hindbrain involved in the regulation of heartbeat, blood pressure, movement, and respiration
- 32. Inhibitory neurotransmitters that occur naturally in the brain and in the bloodstream and are similar to the narcotic morphine in their functions and effects
- 33. The structure of the brain that is involved in memory function
- 34. An imaging method that places a person in a magnetic field and uses radio waves to cause the brain to emit signals that reveal shifts in the flow of blood, which indicate brain activity
- 37. One’s genetic makeup, based on the sequencing of the nucleotides we term A, C, G, and T
- 38. Basic unit of heredity, which is found at a specific point on a chromosome