Chapter 2 Terminology

Across

4. Software managed by a hypervisor that simulates the hardware of a physical computer, creating one or more logical machines within one physical machine.
6. A chip on a motherboard that holds an encryption key required at startup to access encrypted data on the hard drives. Windows 10/8/7 BitLocker Encryption can use a TPM chip.
10. connector A motherboard or expansion card slot that connects to a mini add-on card. The slot uses a PCIe, USB, or SATA interface with the motherboard chipset, and several variations of the slot exist. Also called a Next Generation Form Factor (NGFF) connector.
11. A partitioning system used by hard drives with a capacity less than 2 TB.
12. The paths, or lines, on the motherboard on which data, instructions, and electrical power move from component to component.
15. A plate installed on the rear of a computer case that provides holes for I/O ports coming off the motherboard.
16. A feature of UEFI that allows it to be backward-compatible with legacy BIOS devices and drivers.
17. A digital signature that belongs to the motherboard or computer manufacturer. The PK authorizes turning Secure boot on or off and updating the KEK database.
18. A UEFI and OS feature that prevents a system from booting up with drivers or an OS that is not digitally signed and trusted by the motherboard or computer manufacturer.
19. A technology by Absolute Software that tracks the whereabouts of a laptop computer and, if the computer is stolen, locks down access to it or erases data on it. The technology is embedded in the BIOS/UEFI of many laptops.
20. A port that is directly on the motherboard, such as a built-in keyboard port or onboard network port.
21. A hard drive whose disk controller is integrated into the drive, eliminating the need for a controller cable and thus increasing speed as well as reducing price.
22. The most common form factor for desktop computer cases, motherboards, and power supplies.
23. In computer hardware, a rectangular connector with pins or pads and a mechanism to hold the CPU in place; it is used to connect a CPU to the motherboard.
26. Multipurpose bus and connector standards used for internal and external ports for a variety of devices. USB standards are USB 3.2, 3.1, 3.0, and 2.0.
29. When one physical machine hosts multiple activities that are normally done on multiple machines.
30. On a motherboard, a connector that consists of a group of pins that stick up on the board.
31. An evolution of PCI that is not backward-compatible with earlier PCI slots and cards.
32. Running a processor at a higher frequency than that recommended by the manufacturer.
34. A 4-pin power connector used to provide power to a PATA hard drive, optical drive, or other internal component.
36. A wire on a circuit board that connects two components or devices.
37. grid array (LGA) A socket that has blunt protruding pins in uniform rows that connect with lands or pads on the bottom of the processor.
38. grid array (PGA) A socket that has holes aligned in uniform rows around it to receive pins on the bottom of the processor.
39. A land grid array socket for AMD Ryzen processors and C399 chipsets. The socket is used with high-end AMD processors.
40. A CPU socket for Intel processors that works with 4th and 5th generation chipsets and processors. The socket uses a land grid array and 1150 pins.

Down

1. A smaller version of the microATX form factor.
2. A method for partitioning hard drives that allows for drives of any size. For Windows, a drive that uses this method can have up to 128 partitions.
3. A type of pin grid array CPU socket used with AMD Piledriver and Bulldozer processors and the 9-series chipset.
5. A type of CPU socket used with AMD Ryzen and Athlon processors and the AM4 family of chipsets, including 970, 980G, and 990X chipsets.
7. A set of rules and standards that two entities use from communication.
8. A card that plugs into a motherboard and allows for expansion cards to be mounted parallel to the motherboard.
9. Programming contained in the BIOS/UEFI code on the motherboard that is used to start up the computer and search for a server on the network to provide a bootable operating system.
10. A smaller version of the ATX form factor.
13. A utility in Windows 10/8/7 that is used to lock down a hard drive by encrypting the entire Windows volume and any other volume on the drive.
14. A processor socket with one or two levers on the sides that are used to move the processor out of or into the socket so that equal force is applied over the entire socket housing.
23. form factor (SFF) A motherboard used in low-end computers and home theater systems.
24. A bus common to personal computers that uses a 32-bit wide or 64-bit data path.
25. An interface used mostly by hard drives, optical drives, and other storage devices. Current SATA standards include SATA3, SATA2, and eSATA.
27. A BIOS/UEFI and hard drive feature that monitors hard drive performance, disk spin-up time, temperature, distance between the head and the disk, and other mechanical activities of the drive in order to predict when it is likely to fail.
28. A group of chips on the motherboard that controls the timing and flow of data and instructions to and from the CPU.
33. An interface between firmware on the motherboard and the operating system. UEFI improves on legacy BIOS processes for managing motherboard settings, booting, handling over the boot to the OS, loading device drivers and applications before the OS loads, and securing the boot to ensure that no rogue operating system hijacks the system.
35. A CPU socket for Intel processors that uses a land grid array and 1151 pins. Two versions of the socket currently exist; the older version works with 6th and 7th generation chipsets and processors, and the newer version works with 8th generation chipsets and processors. The two sockets are not compatible because the pins are used differently on each version of the socket.