Chapter 2: The Rise of Astronomy

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Across
  1. 3. This person was presenting arguments for Earth's spherical shape based off of naked-eye observations (page 37).
  2. 5. Improvements in telescopes led us to find dim, fuzzy patches of light, known as _______, which turned out to be external star systems similar to the Milky Way (page 57).
  3. 7. This model of the universe places Earth at the center of the universe with all other bodies revolving around it.
  4. 9. This astronomer was the first to find the heliocentric model of the Sun and the planets.
  5. 13. The apparent size of an object relative to another object(s) is known as this (2 words).
  6. 16. This mathematician was the first to say teach others that the Earth is spherical (page 37).
  7. 17. When Kepler saw moons through a telescope, he called them ______ because he thought of them as attendants or bodyguards. (page 54)
  8. 19. Galileo found this planet had blobs off the edge, which would later be discovered by another astronomer that these are the rings of this planet.
  9. 20. The number of laws Kepler coined from his work.
Down
  1. 1. This model puts the Sun at the center of the planets' motion.
  2. 2. This person used the size of the Earth's shadow on the Moon during a lunar eclipse to estimate the relative size of the Earth and Moon. (page 39)
  3. 4. This astronomer discovered that orbit paths are ellipses, not circles.
  4. 6. This astronomer, in the late 1500s, not only recorded planetary motions but also used an exploding star to show that stars are farther away than where planets move. (page 51)
  5. 7. This famous astronomer was one of the first to use the new invention of a telescope to study astronomical objects. (page 54)
  6. 8. This kind of motion is associated with a planet that will move west with respect to the stars. It also means "backward."
  7. 10. The apparent shift in position of a foreground star relative to the background is known as the star's _________.
  8. 11. This astronomer, who is arguably the greatest scientist of all time, used his research to pioneer the studies of motion, optics, and most importantly, gravity.
  9. 12. This person, from Egypt, fashioned a model of planetary motions in which each planet moved on one small circle, which in turn moved on a larger one, known as an epicycle. (page 47)
  10. 14. The actual shape of an orbit, instead of a circle.
  11. 15. To describe an ellipse's shape, astronomers usually report this, which indicates how far from the center of an ellipse each focus is located. (page 51)
  12. 18. Galileo found this planet to go through a cycle of phases jus like the Moon.