Chapter 2 Vocab: Environmental Systems

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Across
  1. 7. potential energy stored in chemical bonds
  2. 8. a substance that contributes hydroxide ions to a solution
  3. 12. The bond formed when elements share electrons
  4. 14. the physical law stating that when energy is transformed, the quantity of energy remains the same, but its ability to do work diminishes
  5. 16. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
  6. 17. randomness in a system
  7. 19. an analysis to determine inputs, outputs, and changes in a system under various conditions
  8. 24. The smallest particle that can contain the chemical properties of an element
  9. 25. the number that indicates the relative strength of acids and bases in a substance
  10. 26. a feedback loop in which change in a system is amplified
  11. 30. A property of water that occurs when adhesion of water molecules to a surface is stronger than cohesion between the molecules
  12. 33. the ratio of the amount of energy expended in the form you want to the total amount of energy that is introduced into the system
  13. 36. a highly organized living entity that consists of the four types of macromolecules and other substances in a watery solution surrounded by a membrane
  14. 37. the ability to do work or transfer heat
  15. 38. a molecule in which one side is more positive and the other side is more negative
  16. 39. the energy of motion
  17. 41. A measurement of the amount of matter an object contains
  18. 44. The number of protons in the nucleus of a particular element
  19. 45. A substance composed of atoms that cannot be broken down into smaller, simpler components
  20. 48. a loss from a system
  21. 49. The spontaneous release of material from the nucleus of radioactive isotopes
  22. 52. a compound that contains carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds
  23. 53. a compound that does not contain the element carbon or contains carbon bound to elements other than hydrogen
  24. 54. the amount of energy used when a 1-watt electrical device is turned on for 1 second
  25. 55. the rate at which work is done
Down
  1. 1. a feedback loop in which a system responds to a change by returning to its original state, or by decreasing the rate at which the change is occurring
  2. 2. a reaction that occurs when atoms separate from molecules or recombine with other molecules
  3. 3. a physical law which states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can change from one form to another
  4. 4. a chemical bond between two ions of opposite charges
  5. 5. an increase in the acidity of the oceans
  6. 6. a law of nature stating that matter cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change form
  7. 9. a property of water that results from the cohesion of water molecules at the surface of a body of water and that creates a sort of skin on the water’s surface
  8. 10. a form of energy emitted by the sun that includes, but is not limited to, visible light, ultraviolet light, and infrared energy
  9. 11. a plan that provides flexibility so that managers can modify it as changes occur
  10. 13. a system in which exchanges of matter or energy occur across system boundaries
  11. 15. A measurement of the total number of protons and neutrons in an element
  12. 18. a compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
  13. 20. a state in which inputs equal outputs so that system is not changing over time
  14. 21. a nucleic acid that translates the code stored in DNA, which makes possible the synthesis of proteins
  15. 22. organic compounds found in all living cells
  16. 23. A particle that contains more than one atom
  17. 25. a massless packet of energy that carries electromagnetic radiation at the speed of light
  18. 27. a smaller organic biological molecule that does not mix with water
  19. 28. the ease with which an energy source can be used for work
  20. 29. a system in which matter and energy exchanges do not occur across boundaries
  21. 31. an addition to a system
  22. 32. a critical component of living organisms made up of a long chain of nitrogen-containing organic molecules known as amino acids
  23. 34. a weak chemical bond that forms when hydrogen atoms that are covalently bonded to one atom are attracted to another atom on another molecule
  24. 35. the measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance
  25. 40. stored energy that has not been released
  26. 42. A molecule containing more than one element
  27. 43. A chart of all chemical elements currently known, organized by their properties
  28. 46. Anything that occupies space and has mass
  29. 47. The time it takes for one-half of an original radioactive parent atom to decay
  30. 50. a nucleic acid, the genetic material that contains the code for reproducing the components of the next generation, and which organisms pass on to their offspring
  31. 51. a substance that contributes hydrogen ions to a solution