Chapter 20

2. particles Infectious virions associated with Hepatitis B virus.
6. Gram-positive, endospore-forming rod that can overgrow after antibiotics disrupt normal gut microbiota.
8. Flagellated protozoan with a symmetrical heart shape and greasy, foul-smelling diarrhea.
9. A RNA virus spread through the fecal-oral route and commonly linked to unhygienic food handling.
14. Spiral gram-negative bacterium propelled by flagella and commonly spread through contaminated food or water.

1. Yellowing of the skin and eyes caused by bilirubin accumulation during hepatitis.
2. Process where acid lowers mouth pH below 5 and dissolves calcium phosphate in tooth enamel.
3. Increase in eosinophils, a type of white blood cell important for destroying helminths.
4. Important virulence factor of Salmonella because it is a gram-negative bacterium.
5. cholerae Gram-negative comma-shaped rod with a flagellum that can cause severe dehydration from cholera.
7. toxin Heat-sensitive exotoxin responsible for bloody diarrhea in toxin-producing E. coli infections.
10. mutans Gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic oral bacterium associated with dental caries and acid production.
11. C RNA virus known as the “silent epidemic” with no vaccine available and high rates of chronic infection.
12. Toxins A and B released by C. difficile that cause necrosis in the large intestine.
13. enterica Gram-negative bacillus that is commonly associated with contaminated poultry.