chapter 2

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Across
  1. 1. a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.
  2. 3. a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
  3. 5. The hydronium cation, also known as hydroxonium is the positively charged polyatomic ion with the chemical formula H 3O+ . Hydronium, a type of oxonium ion, is formed by the protonation of water.
  4. 6. a part or aspect of something abstract, especially one that is essential or characteristic.
  5. 8. Oxidation-reduction reactions (or redox) reactions, are a type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species. An oxidation-reduction reaction is any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a molecule, atom, or ion changes by gaining or losing an e -.
  6. 9. having the properties of an alkali, or containing alkali; having a pH greater than 7.
  7. 11. having assets in excess of liabilities; able to pay one's debts.
  8. 12. the lowest part or edge of something, especially the part on which it rests or is supported.
  9. 13. the minimum quantity of energy that the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction.
  10. 14. a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a system to do work.
  11. 17. a process that involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance, as opposed to a change in physical form or a nuclear reaction.
  12. 19. the particular condition that someone or something is in at a specific time.
  13. 21. the central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth.
Down
  1. 2. A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. The stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms when they share electrons is known as covalent bonding.
  2. 3. An endergonic reaction (such as photosynthesis) is a reaction that requires energy to be driven. The activation energy for the reaction is typically larger than the overall energy of the exergonic reaction(1).
  3. 4. the minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent.
  4. 7. a coherent, typically large body of matter with no definite shape.
  5. 10. the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table.
  6. 15. the action or power of focusing one's attention or mental effort.
  7. 16. a product is something "manufactured" by an enzyme from its substrate
  8. 18. an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
  9. 20. A pH scale is a measure of how acidic or basic a substance is. While the pH scale formally measures the activity of hydrogen ions in a substance or solution, it is typically approximated as the concentration of hydrogen ions.