Chapter #2

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Across
  1. 2. The scientific study of victimization, including the relationships between victims and offenders.
  2. 6. A possible explanation for an observed occurrence that can be tested by further investigation.
  3. 7. An explanation that is based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning.
  4. 8. The study of how certain traits or qualities are transmitted from parents to their offspring.
  5. 9. Anything that produces an effect.
  6. 10. Sigmund Freud's theory that attributed our thoughts and actions to unconscious motives.
  7. 12. An approach to drug addiction that treats drug abuse as a mental or physical illness.
  8. 13. An approach to drug abuse that treats illegal drug use as a criminal act.
  9. 14. A chemical substance that controls certain cellular and bodily function such as growth and reproduction.
  10. 16. Considers criminal behavior to be the predictable result of a persons interaction with his or her environment.
  11. 17. Refers to the repeated criminal victimization of a person, household, place, business, vehicle or other target however defined.
  12. 19. A school of the social sciences that sees criminal and delinquent behavior as the result of biological, physiological, and social forces.
  13. 20. Theory stating that members of certain sub-cultures reject the values of the dominant culture through deviant behavior patterns.
  14. 22. The belief that the more powerful groups use their power in order to exploit groups with less power.
  15. 27. A group exhibiting certain values and behavior patterns that distinguish it from the dominant culture.
Down
  1. 1. The hypothesis that society created crime and criminals by labeling certain behavior and certain people as deviant.
  2. 3. Concept that people engage in criminal behavior unless strong moral, social, and/or retributive deterrents are in effect.
  3. 4. A product of the Enlightenment, theorizing that people exercise free will and are responsible for their actions.
  4. 5. Natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms.
  5. 11. A theory that deviant behavior is more likely in communities where social institutions fail to exert control over the population.
  6. 15. Defined as maximizing total benefit and reducing suffering or the negatives.
  7. 18. The scientific study of crime and the causes of criminal behavior.
  8. 21. The scientific study of mental processes and behavior.
  9. 22. The idea that crime is caused by frustration of individuals who cannot reach their financial and personal goals through legitimate means.
  10. 23. A specialist in the field of crime and the causes of criminal behavior.
  11. 24. A mutual relationship or connection between two or more things.
  12. 25. The idea that delinquents and criminals must be taught both the practical and emotional skills necessary to participate in illegal activity.
  13. 26. Individuals make logical decisions with the greatest benefit or satisfaction.