Chapter 3

3. a group that is part of the dominant culture but that differs from it in some important respects
5. innate (unlearned) patterns of behavior
13. a subculture deliberately and consciously opposed to certain central beliefs or attitudes of the dominant culture
14. impulse to reduce discomfort
16. the study of how biology influences human behavior
18. sanctions imposed by persons given special authority
19. a norm that is formally defined and enforced by officials
20. cultural guidelines that group members claim to accept
22. actual behavior patterns of members of a group
23. judging others in terms of one's own cultural standards
24. norms that lack moral significance

1. general cultural traits that exist in all cultures
2. automatic reaction to physical stimuli
3. groupings of persons who share a social characteristic
4. ideas, knowledge, and beliefs that influence people's behavior
6. theory stating that our idea of reality depends largely upon language
7. the ways in which a culture expresses universal traits
8. rewards or punishments that can be applied by most members of a group
9. the concrete, tangible objects of a culture
10. rewards and punishments used to encourage people to follow norms
11. broad ideas about what is good or desirable shared by people in a society
12. ideas about the nature of reality
15. norms that have moral dimensions and that should be followed by members of the society
17. a group of people who inhabit a specific territory and share a common culture
21. a rule of behavior, the violation of which calls for strong punishment