Chapter 3 Crossword

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Across
  1. 2. powers Powers specifically listed in the Constitution as belonging to the federal government (like coining money, declaring war, regulating interstate commerce).
  2. 4. A theory of government where a small group of wealthy or influential people hold most political power.
  3. 7. clause Found in Article VI of the Constitution; establishes that the Constitution and federal laws are the “supreme law of the land,” overriding state laws when they conflict.
  4. 9. doctrine The legal principle (through the 14th Amendment) that most protections in the Bill of Rights also apply to state governments, not just the federal government.
  5. 14. The idea that government power comes from the people and is exercised through elected representatives, not direct rule by citizens.
  6. 15. review The power of the courts (especially the Supreme Court) to declare laws or government actions unconstitutional.
  7. 16. A formal meeting or assembly. In U.S. history, it can mean gatherings like the Constitutional Convention of 1787 or modern political party conventions.
  8. 17. Treating something sacred (like the U.S. flag) with disrespect. Often debated in free speech cases.
Down
  1. 1. To formally approve something, such as treaties or constitutional amendments.
  2. 3. domain The government’s power to take private property for public use, as long as it provides fair compensation (5th Amendment).
  3. 4. clause, Also called the Necessary and Proper Clause (Article I, Section 8). It gives Congress the flexibility to pass laws needed to carry out its enumerated powers.
  4. 5. Official changes or additions to the Constitution. There are 27 amendments, such as the Bill of Rights (first 10).
  5. 6. Citizen-soldier groups that can be called to defend a community or state; mentioned in the 2nd Amendment.
  6. 8. cause Reasonable grounds for making an arrest, searching property, or pressing charges, required under the 4th Amendment.
  7. 10. Officially canceled or overturned, such as the repeal of Prohibition with the 21st Amendment.
  8. 11. A theory that power in government is spread among many groups, so no single group dominates.
  9. 12. Sections of a document.
  10. 13. To bring charges against a federal official (like the president) for misconduct. The House votes to impeach; the Senate holds the trial.
  11. 15. The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case.