Chapter 3 Matter & Energy

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Across
  1. 2. the temperature scale that assigns 0 to the coldest temperature possible (absolute zero)
  2. 4. the careful pouring off (e.g., pouring the oil layer off of the water layer)
  3. 5. the three forms in which matter can exist; solid, liquid, and gas
  4. 7. An energy unit equivalent to 1,000 little-c calories
  5. 8. a unit of energy equal to 3.6 million joules
  6. 9. a state of matter in which atoms or molecules are packed close to each other in fixed locations
  7. 12. a type of solid matter with atoms or molecules arranged in a well-ordered, three-dimensional array with long-range, repeating order (e.g., diamond and salt)
  8. 13. the transfer or exchange of thermal energy caused by a temperature difference
  9. 16. those properties that a substance displays without changing its composition
  10. 17. a substance composed of two or more elements in fixed, definite proportions
  11. 18. anything that occupies space and has mass (it exists in three different states: solid, liquid, and gas)
  12. 20. the process by which one or more substances transform into different substances via a chemical change (often emitting or absorbing energy)
  13. 25. a law stating that energy can be neither created nor destroyed. The total amount of energy is constant and cannot change; it can only be transferred from one object to another or converted from one form to another
  14. 30. a substance composed of two or more different types of atoms or molecules combined in variable proportions
  15. 31. a change in which matter changes its composition
  16. 32. the energy of a body that is associated with its position or the arrangement of its parts
  17. 34. a temperature scale often used by scientists. On this scale water freezes at 0 and boils at 100 at 1 atm pressure. Room temp ~22
  18. 35. the quantity of heat energy required to change the temperature of a given amount of a substance by 1 degree Celsius
  19. 36. able to occupy a smaller volume when subjected to increased pressure. Gas phase atoms or molecules can be _______ as they are widely separated
  20. 37. the heat capacity of a substance in joules per gram degree Celsius
  21. 40. the initial substance in a chemical reaction and is represented on the left side of a chemical equation
  22. 41. energy associated with the motion of an object
  23. 42. the result of a force acting on a distance
  24. 43. the energy associated with the random motions of atoms and molecules in matter
  25. 45. tending to vaporize easily
Down
  1. 1. describes a process that absorbs energy
  2. 3. a change in which matter does not change its composition, even though its appearance might change
  3. 4. a process in which a mixture is heated to boil off the more volatile liquid
  4. 6. a type of solid matter in which atoms or molecules do not have long-range order (e.g., glass and plastic)
  5. 10. the final substance produced in a chemical reaction and is represented on the right side of a chemical equation
  6. 11. the capacity to do work
  7. 14. properties that a substance can display only through changing its composition
  8. 15. a characteristic we use to distinguish one substance from another
  9. 19. describes a process that releases heat energy
  10. 21. the energy associated with chemical changes
  11. 22. a mixture, such as salt water, that has the same composition throughout
  12. 23. a mixture, such as oil and water, that has two or more regions with different compositions
  13. 24. a substance composed of only one type of atom or molecule
  14. 26. a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
  15. 27. a state of matter in which atoms or molecules are widely separated and free to move relative to one another
  16. 28. the process of separating solids from liquids by filter paper
  17. 29. the temperature scale that is most familiar in the US; water freezes at 32 and boils at 212 at 1 atm pressure
  18. 33. energy associated with the flow of electric charge
  19. 38. the smallest identifiable unit of an element
  20. 39. the measure of a substance's thermal energy
  21. 44. two or more atoms joined in a specific arrangement by chemical bonds (the smallest identifiable unit of a molecular compound)
  22. 46. a state of matter in which atoms or molecules are packed close to each other (about as closely as in a solid) but are free to move around and by each other