Chapter 3 Matter & Energy

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Across
  1. 2. a temperature scale often used by scientists. On this scale water freezes at 0 and boils at 100 at 1 atm pressure. Room temp ~22
  2. 3. a characteristic we use to distinguish one substance from another
  3. 7. those properties that a substance displays without changing its composition
  4. 9. a unit of energy equal to 3.6 million joules
  5. 10. the careful pouring off (e.g., pouring the oil layer off of the water layer)
  6. 13. properties that a substance can display only through changing its composition
  7. 18. a mixture, such as oil and water, that has two or more regions with different compositions
  8. 20. the result of a force acting on a distance
  9. 22. a change in which matter changes its composition
  10. 27. a type of solid matter with atoms or molecules arranged in a well-ordered, three-dimensional array with long-range, repeating order (e.g., diamond and salt)
  11. 28. the three forms in which matter can exist; solid, liquid, and gas
  12. 31. the heat capacity of a substance in joules per gram degree Celsius
  13. 34. the temperature scale that assigns 0 to the coldest temperature possible (absolute zero)
  14. 35. a type of solid matter in which atoms or molecules do not have long-range order (e.g., glass and plastic)
  15. 36. the transfer or exchange of thermal energy caused by a temperature difference
  16. 37. energy associated with the flow of electric charge
  17. 40. the measure of a substance's thermal energy
  18. 42. a state of matter in which atoms or molecules are packed close to each other in fixed locations
  19. 43. tending to vaporize easily
  20. 44. a substance composed of only one type of atom or molecule
  21. 45. a substance composed of two or more different types of atoms or molecules combined in variable proportions
  22. 46. describes a process that releases heat energy
Down
  1. 1. the process of separating solids from liquids by filter paper
  2. 4. the temperature scale that is most familiar in the US; water freezes at 32 and boils at 212 at 1 atm pressure
  3. 5. An energy unit equivalent to 1,000 little-c calories
  4. 6. the process by which one or more substances transform into different substances via a chemical change (often emitting or absorbing energy)
  5. 8. the smallest identifiable unit of an element
  6. 10. a process in which a mixture is heated to boil off the more volatile liquid
  7. 11. a substance composed of two or more elements in fixed, definite proportions
  8. 12. a state of matter in which atoms or molecules are widely separated and free to move relative to one another
  9. 14. a law stating that energy can be neither created nor destroyed. The total amount of energy is constant and cannot change; it can only be transferred from one object to another or converted from one form to another
  10. 15. a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
  11. 16. the final substance produced in a chemical reaction and is represented on the right side of a chemical equation
  12. 17. energy associated with the motion of an object
  13. 19. able to occupy a smaller volume when subjected to increased pressure. Gas phase atoms or molecules can be _______ as they are widely separated
  14. 21. the energy of a body that is associated with its position or the arrangement of its parts
  15. 23. a state of matter in which atoms or molecules are packed close to each other (about as closely as in a solid) but are free to move around and by each other
  16. 24. the quantity of heat energy required to change the temperature of a given amount of a substance by 1 degree Celsius
  17. 25. the energy associated with chemical changes
  18. 26. describes a process that absorbs energy
  19. 29. anything that occupies space and has mass (it exists in three different states: solid, liquid, and gas)
  20. 30. the initial substance in a chemical reaction and is represented on the left side of a chemical equation
  21. 32. a mixture, such as salt water, that has the same composition throughout
  22. 33. a change in which matter does not change its composition, even though its appearance might change
  23. 38. the energy associated with the random motions of atoms and molecules in matter
  24. 39. the capacity to do work
  25. 41. two or more atoms joined in a specific arrangement by chemical bonds (the smallest identifiable unit of a molecular compound)