Chapter 3 Vocab Review For Unit 2 Test

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Across
  1. 2. Plenty of land and work, Higher standard of living, Democratic system, social advancement.
  2. 4. Chester Arthur signed this bill. It barred Chinese immigration for 10 years and prevented those already in the U.S. from becoming citizens. The ban was renewed in 1892 and made permanent in 1902. It was not repeated until 1943
  3. 10. Credit Mobilier was a construction company set up by several stockholders of the Union Pacific Railroad, including Oakes Ames, a member of Congress. To convince congress to give the railroad more grants, Ames sold other members of Congress shares at a price well below their market value - led to scandal
  4. 12. Company owns all of the diff. businesses on which it depends for its operation. Saved money + enabled many companies to expand.
  5. 14. A French phase meaning "let people do as they choose". Supporters of this believed that the government should not interfere in the economy except to protect private property rights and maintain peace.
  6. 16. In 1910, CA opened a barracks on this island for Asian immigrants
  7. 17. 1862, this act gave two corporations - the Union Pacific +Central Pacific -permission to build a transcontinental railroad/ Also offered each company land along its right of way.
  8. 20. Timber, coal, iron, and copper.
  9. 25. Who founded the Tuskegee Institute in 1881
  10. 26. The process where a growing percentage shifts from rural areas to live and work in urban ares = countryside to city
  11. 27. Increased the standard of living and led to people spending money on entertainment and recreation
  12. 32. An informal political group designed to gain and keep power, developed because cities had grown much faster than their governments
  13. 33. The belief that no matter what a person's background is, the person can still become successful through effort
  14. 34. Survival of the fittest idea by Charles Darwin
  15. 36. An institution located in a poor neighborhood that provided numerous community services such as medical care, child care, libraries, and classes in English
  16. 37. Began around 1870 and ended around 1900. This period was a time of marvel in many ways. New invention, rapid ind. growth, cities, electrical, etc.
Down
  1. 1. A tiny island in New York Harbor. Most European immigrants passed through the island. 12 million immigrants passed through between 1892 and 1954
  2. 3. Poverty +uncertainty, wars + compulsory military service, religious oppression, and population pressure
  3. 5. An organization of common laborers and craft workers in a particular industry
  4. 6. Multifamily apartment buildings
  5. 7. Gentler version of Social Darwinism, Andrew Carnegie advocated. This philosophy held that wealthy Americans should engage in philanthropy.Building school + hospitals better than handouts to the poor.
  6. 8. Scottish immigrant, started working in a textile factory at the age of 12. He worked his way to become the supertident of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Opened a steel mill in Pittsburg in 1875, used the Bessemer process. Began the vertical integration of the steel industry, brought diff. comp.+fields
  7. 9. Combined firms in the same type of business into one large corporation took place frequently
  8. 11. The reduction in the cost of a good brought about especially by increasing production at a given facility
  9. 13. organizations that is allowed by law to carry on an activity but treated as though it were a single person.
  10. 15. He argued that the basic force shaping capitalist society was the class struggle between workers and owners. Believed that workers would eventually revolt, seize control of the factories, and overthrow the gov. He thought the state would disappear, leaving a communist society in which classes do not exist
  11. 18. Most successful investment banker. He bought out Andrew Carnegie in 1901 and renamed it U.S. steel / turned into the first billion dollar business in the U.S.
  12. 19. A combination of firms or corporations formed by a legal agreement, especially to reduce competition
  13. 21. People who loot an industry and become rich unethically.
  14. 22. Achieved an almost completely horizontal integration of the oil industry through a series of buyouts. 90% company controlled by 1880
  15. 23. People who risk their capital in organizing and running a business
  16. 24. When a single company achieves control of a entire market it becomes this.
  17. 28. An extreme dislike of immigrants by native - born people.
  18. 29. Movement that worked to help the urban poor according to the biblical ideas of charity and justice
  19. 30. Grants of land by the federal government, especially for roads, railroads, agricultural colleges.
  20. 31. Leader of Tammany Hall, the New York City Democratic political machine, during the 1860s +1890s. His corruption led to a prison sentence in 1874
  21. 35. Organizations in which member farmers worked together to increased prices and lower costs