Chapter 4

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Across
  1. 2. Material surrounding extracellular fibers that resists compression
  2. 6. Addition of a phosphate group to a protein
  3. 11. Addition of phosphate groups to a receptor by its own kinase activity
  4. 14. Protein that acts as a molecular switch using GDP and GTP
  5. 16. ECM molecule made of a protein core with attached polysaccharides
  6. 18. Protein that recognizes and binds a specific signaling molecule
  7. 19. Signaling molecule released by neurons that affects nearby cells
  8. 21. Stage when a signaling molecule binds to its receptor
  9. 23. Enzyme that removes phosphate groups from proteins
  10. 26. Signaling molecule released into bodily fluids that can affect distant cells
  11. 27. Population-density threshold that triggers a coordinated microbial response
  12. 28. Small GTP-binding protein that helps transmit signals from activated RTKs
  13. 29. Interaction between different signaling pathways
  14. 30. Cell adhesion proteins that help neighboring cells attach to each other
  15. 32. Animal cell connection that allows small molecules and ions to pass between cells
  16. 35. Main structural polysaccharide in plant cell walls
  17. 38. Continuous network of plant cell cytoplasm connected by plasmodesmata
  18. 40. Signal that can cross the plasma membrane and bind to an intracellular receptor
  19. 41. Bundles of cellulose strands that provide strength to plant cell walls
  20. 43. Cell that can respond to a signaling molecule because it has the correct receptor
  21. 51. Plant hormone that helps prevent water loss during drought
  22. 53. Enzyme-linked receptor that dimerizes and phosphorylates itself when activated
  23. 54. Pore in a plant leaf that allows gas exchange
  24. 55. Signal that cannot cross the plasma membrane and binds to a surface receptor
  25. 56. Protein kinase involved in phosphorylation cascades
  26. 57. Processes that stop a signaling pathway
  27. 58. Surrounds the cell and regulates what enters and leaves
  28. 59. Conversion of an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal
Down
  1. 1. Community of microorganisms attached to a surface
  2. 3. Stage when a signal is converted and passed through intracellular pathways
  3. 4. Animal cell connection that forms a watertight seal
  4. 5. Small intracellular molecule that carries and amplifies a signal
  5. 7. Protein that holds signaling proteins together to increase pathway efficiency
  6. 8. Region outside plant plasma membranes including cell walls and air spaces
  7. 9. Cytoskeletal protein that helps produce cell movement and directional growth
  8. 10. kinase Enzyme that adds phosphate groups to proteins
  9. 12. Cell signaling based on population density
  10. 13. Cell surface receptor that activates a G protein
  11. 15. Proteins that loosen bonds between cellulose microfibrils to allow plant cells to expand
  12. 17. Chemical signal involved in communication between organisms of the same species
  13. 20. Channels through plant cell walls that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells
  14. 22. Membrane proteins that connect the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton
  15. 24. Pressure caused by water inside a plant cell pushing against the cell wall
  16. 25. Hydrophilic polysaccharide that holds water in plant cell walls
  17. 31. Enzyme that breaks down cAMP and cGMP
  18. 32. Molecule bound to an inactive G protein
  19. 33. Cellular change that occurs after a signal is received and processed
  20. 34. Series of proteins that activate one another through phosphorylation
  21. 36. Protein that allows tissues such as lungs to stretch and recoil
  22. 37. Flexible extracellular material that provides support and attachment in animal cells
  23. 39. Process in which a small signal produces a much larger cellular response
  24. 42. Main structural protein fiber in animal extracellular matrix
  25. 44. Molecule bound to an active G protein
  26. 45. Stiff extracellular layer that provides plant cells with support and shape
  27. 46. Rigid material that strengthens mature plant cell walls
  28. 47. Structure made of strong fibers embedded in a softer ground substance
  29. 48. Rivet-like connection that strongly holds adjacent animal cells together
  30. 49. Plant cell that controls the opening and closing of a stoma
  31. 50. Pectin-rich layer that glues adjacent plant cells together
  32. 52. Joining of two receptor molecules