chapter 42 bio

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Across
  1. 5. a chemical messenger that regulates cell differentiation, proliferation, and immune responses
  2. 6. immunity that gives temporary protection created by the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another, rather than the body producing its own
  3. 9. a large phagocytic cell that engulfs foreign particles and pathogens
  4. 12. a type of t lymphocyte that is adaptive, and directly kills infected cells via perforin and granzymes
  5. 15. watery fluid that bathes tissues and organs with protective white blood cells
  6. 17. a specific type of cytokine released by virus-infected cells that warn neighboring cells to inhibit viral replication
  7. 18. a process that enhances phagocytosis using proteins to tag a pathogen
  8. 20. a colorless cell that circulates in the blood and body fluids and is involved in counteracting foreign substances and disease
  9. 24. an immune cell that detects, engulfs, and informs the adaptive immune response by presenting processed antigens on its surface
  10. 26. a lymphocyte that can kill cells infected with viruses or tumor cells
  11. 29. a type of molecular pattern that represents a "signature" expressed by pathogens, but not host cells
  12. 30. a specialized immune cell that acts as a bridge between the innate and adaptive systems (it also processes antigen material and presents it on its surface to activate t cells)
Down
  1. 1. leukocyte that is histologically identifiable by its large nuclei; it is a small cell with very little cytoplasm
  2. 2. a type of complex of proteins on cell surfaces that signal whether a cell is healthy or infected/cancerous
  3. 3. immunity that occurs naturally because of genetic factors or physiology
  4. 4. localized redness, swelling, hear, and pain resulting from the movement of leukocytes to a site of infection
  5. 7. a type of hypersensitivity where the immune system incorrectly reacts to "self" antigens
  6. 8. lymphocyte that has differentiated, such as a B cell, plasma cell, or cytotoxic T lymphocyte
  7. 10. a type of system with an array of about 20 proteins that enhance phagocytosis, puncture pathogens, and recruit lymphocytes
  8. 11. the process where a specific b cell that matches an antigen is selected and then rapidly clones itself to make an army of cells to fight the specific infection
  9. 13. the specific smal part of an antigen molecule to which an antibody or lymphocyte receptor actually binds
  10. 14. a foreign or non-self protein that triggers an immune response
  11. 16. an antigen-specific b or t lymphocyte that can immediately become an effector cell upon re-exposure to the same pathogen
  12. 19. immunity that has memory and occurs after exposure tto an antigen either from a pathogen or vaccination
  13. 21. a lymphocyte that matures in the thymus gland; one of the main cells involved in the adaptive immune system
  14. 22. a lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and differentiates into antibody secreting plasma cells
  15. 23. a type of lymphocyte that binds apcs and stimulates b cells or secretes cytokines to initiate the immune response
  16. 25. a type of immune cell that secretes antibodies (arise from stimulated b cells
  17. 27. a protein produced bu plasma cells after simulation by an antigen; also known as immunoglobulin
  18. 28. a destructive protein (used by NK and cytotoxic t cells) that pores in the membrane of a target to destroy it