Chapter 5: South America

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Across
  1. 3. Responsible travel to natural or ecologically fragile areas intended to observe wildlife, conserve the environment, and sustain the well-being of local populations.
  2. 5. A dense, tropical rainforest characterized by high annual rainfall and continuous canopy cover, particularly referring to the Amazon Basin.
  3. 6. A traditional cowboy or nomadic cattle herder of the South American pampas, primarily associated with Argentina, Uruguay, and southern Brazil.
  4. 8. The wide, lower tidal mouth of a river where freshwater streams meet and mix with ocean saltwater.
  5. 11. A peasant farmer or agricultural laborer living in a rural area of a Spanish-speaking country.
  6. 14. A fuel mixture consisting of unleaded gasoline blended with ethyl alcohol (ethanol), typically derived from agricultural crops like sugarcane or corn.
  7. 16. High-altitude plain or plateau, specifically the extensive elevated inland region of the central Andes in South America spanning parts of Bolivia and Peru.
  8. 17. An area of rolling hills or gentle slopes lying at the foot of a mountain range or between mountains and coastal plains.
  9. 19. An extensive, flat, treeless grassy plain or savanna, especially used in reference to the llanos basin region of Colombia and Venezuela.
Down
  1. 1. The upper geographic or altitude limit beyond which trees cannot grow due to low temperatures, thin soils, or high winds; also termed the tree line.
  2. 2. The clearing, logging, or removal of forest trees from a land area, converting the land to non-forest uses such as agriculture, ranching, or urban development.
  3. 4. An archaic demographic term denoting a person of mixed Black African and white European ancestry (Note: generally considered outdated or offensive in modern usage).
  4. 7. A long, steep slope, cliff, or scarp formed by erosion or faulting that separates two level or gently sloping land surfaces at different elevations.
  5. 9. A claylike mineral mixture comprising hydrated aluminum oxides, constituting the primary commercial ore used in the production of aluminum.
  6. 10. An extensive system or group of parallel mountain ranges, together with their associated plateaus, basins, and valleys (e.g., the Andes or the North American Cordillera).
  7. 12. A high-altitude tropical alpine ecosystem located above the continuous forest line but below the permanent snowline, characteristic of the northern Andes.
  8. 13. The dry, scrubby interior backlands region of northeastern Brazil, subject to severe recurring droughts and covered by caatinga vegetation.
  9. 15. The vast, fertile lowland plains of southern South America, extending across central Argentina, Uruguay, and southernmost Brazil.
  10. 18. A dense, low-income informal settlement or shantytown located in or surrounding a Brazilian urban area.