CHAPTER 5 VOCABULARY

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Across
  1. 3. biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience
  2. 6. a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant deficiencies in communication an social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors
  3. 7. the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived
  4. 8. in Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view
  5. 10. adapting our current understandings(schemas) to incorporate new information
  6. 12. the period of sexual maturation during which a person becomes capable of reproducing
  7. 13. the process by which certain animals form strong attachments during early life
  8. 14. decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation
  9. 17. in Erikson’s theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in young adulthood
  10. 22. people's ideas about their own ad others' mental states - about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict
  11. 24. the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence
  12. 27. a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information
  13. 28. the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth
  14. 30. research that compares people of different ages at the same point in time
  15. 31. the time of natural cessation of menstruation
  16. 32. the culturally preferred timing of social evets such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement
  17. 33. all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves in answer to the question, “Who am I?”
  18. 34. the “we” aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to “Who am I?” that comes from our group memberships
  19. 35. the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month
  20. 36. a period from about age 18 to the mid-twenties, when may in Western cultures are no longer adolescents but have not yet achieved full independence as adults
  21. 37. in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to nearly 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities
Down
  1. 1. an optimal period early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development
  2. 2. the fertilized egg
  3. 4. acquired (not lifelong) disorders marked by cognitive deficits
  4. 5. the principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects
  5. 9. all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing remembering and communicating
  6. 11. in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic
  7. 15. according to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers
  8. 16. research that follows and retests the same people over time
  9. 18. interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
  10. 19. in Vygotsky's theory, a framework that offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking
  11. 20. in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events
  12. 21. an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to their caregivers and showing distress on separation
  13. 23. in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts
  14. 25. a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span
  15. 26. agents such as chemicals and viruses that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm
  16. 27. the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age
  17. 28. physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking
  18. 29. our sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent’s task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles