Chapter 55 - Ecosystems

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Across
  1. 1. A carnivore that eats other carnivores.
  2. 3. An autotroph, usually a photosynthetic organism. Collectively, autotrophs make up the trophic level of an ecosystem that ultimately supports all other levels.
  3. 5. An element that must be added for production to increase in a particular area.
  4. 7. The percentage of energy stored in food that is not used for respiration or eliminated as waste.
  5. 10. The amount of light energy converted to chemical energy (organic compounds) by autotrophs in an ecosystem during a given time period.
  6. 11. The warming of Earth due to the atmospheric accumulation of carbon dioxide and certain other gases, which absorb reflected infrared radiation and reradiate some of it back toward Earth.
  7. 13. An organism that absorbs nutrients from nonliving organic material (after “decomposing” them with enzymes) such as corpses, fallen plant material, and the wastes of living organisms and converts them to inorganic forms.
  8. 14. A carnivore that eats herbivores.
  9. 15. Rain, snow, or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.2.
  10. 16. All the organisms in a given area as well as the abiotic factors with which they interact; one or more communities and the physical environment around them.
Down
  1. 1. The percentage of production transferred from one trophic level to the next.
  2. 2. An herbivore; an organism that eats plants or other autotrophs.
  3. 4. A consumer that derives its energy and nutrients from consuming nonliving organic material such as corpses, fallen plant material, and the wastes of living organisms.
  4. 6. The amount of chemical energy in consumers’ food that is converted to their own new biomass during a given time period.
  5. 8. A process by which nutrients, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen, become highly concentrated in a body of water, leading to increased growth of organisms such as algae or cyanobacteria.
  6. 9. The amount of added nutrient, usually nitrogen or phosphorus, that can be absorbed by plants by natural means.
  7. 12. The time required to replace the standing crop of a population or group of populations (for example, of phytoplankton), calculated as the ratio of standing crop to production.