Chapter 3 - Physiology and Histology of the Skin

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041
Across
  1. 2. pigment carrying granules that produce melanin
  2. 5. another name for a stratum corneum cell; hardened, waterproof keratinocytes lacking nuclei
  3. 9. matrix of lipid substances between corneum cells that protect from water loss and irritation
  4. 10. also known as adipose tissue; fatty tissue found below the dermis
  5. 12. cells that produce skin pigment granules in the basal layer
  6. 19. fibrous, connective tissue made from protein; found in the reticular layer of the dermis
  7. 21. capillaries that have been damaged and are now larger; distended blood vessels; commonly called couperose skin
  8. 22. granules of epidermal cells composed of keratin, lipids, and other proteins
  9. 23. layer of the epidermis above the stratum germinativum layer containing desmosomes, the intercellular connections made of proteins
  10. 25. glands that are coiled structures attached to hair follicles found in the underarm (axillary) and genital areas
  11. 29. cells that stimulate cells, collagen, and amino acids that form proteins
  12. 33. fibrous protein of cells that is also the principal component of skin, hair, and nails; provides resiliency and protection
  13. 35. chronic condition that appears primarily on the cheeks and nose and is characterized by flushing, telangiectasis, and in some cases, the formation of papules and pustules
  14. 36. immune cells that guard the immune system; senses unrecognized foreign invaders such as bacteria, then process these antigens for removal through the lymph system
  15. 37. clear, transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum; thickest on the palms of hands and soles of feet
  16. 39. sweat glands found all over the body with openings on the skin's surface through pores; not attached to hair follicles; secretions do not produce an offensive odor
  17. 41. also known as basal cell layer; active layer of the epidermis above the papillary of the dermis in which mitosis takes place
Down
  1. 1. a water-binding substance such as a polysaccharide (protein and complex sugar) found between the fibers of the dermis
  2. 3. top layer of the dermis next to the epidermis
  3. 4. epidermal cells composed of keratin, lipids, and other proteins
  4. 5. glycolipid materials that are a natural part of the skin's intercellular matrix and barrier function
  5. 6. deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients; contains fat cells, blood vessels, sudoriferous glands, hair follicles, lymph vessels, arrector pili muscles, sebaceous glands, and nerve endings
  6. 7. a type of melanin that is dark brown to black in color
  7. 8. tube-like openings for sweat glands on the epidermis
  8. 11. outermost layer of skin; a thin protective layer with many cells, mechanisms, and nerve endings
  9. 13. also known are the cutis; support layer of connective tissue, collagen, and elastin below the epidermis
  10. 14. the enzyme that stimulates melanocytes and thus produces melanin
  11. 15. glands that excrete perspiration
  12. 16. white blood cells that have enzymes to digest and kill bacteria and parasites; these white blood cells also respond to allergies
  13. 17. caused by an elevation in blood sugar, glycation is the binding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule resulting in the formation of damaged, nonfunctioning structures. Alters protein structures and decreases biological activity
  14. 18. membranes of ridges and grooves that attach to the epidermis; contains nerve endings and supplies nourishment through the capillaries
  15. 20. these vessels located in the dermis supply nourishment within the skin and remove waste
  16. 23. adipose tissue located beneath the dermis; a protective cushion and energy storage for the body
  17. 24. tiny grains of pigment produced by melanocytes and are deposited into cells in the stratum germinativum and the papillary layers of the dermis
  18. 26. a type of melanin that is red and yellow in color
  19. 27. material secreted by the sebaceous glands in order to provide protection and lubrication for the epidermis and hair shaft
  20. 28. layer of epidermis composed of cells filled with keratin that resemble granules; replaces cells shed from stratum corneum
  21. 30. this film made of oil-water helps to protect the skin's surface
  22. 31. outermost layer of the epidermis; composed of corneocytes
  23. 32. tube-like openings in the epidermis containing the hair root, bulb, and papillae.
  24. 34. the structures that assist in holding cells together; intercellular connections made of proteins
  25. 38. glands that secrete sebum; appendages attached to follicles
  26. 40. protein fiber found in the dermis; gives skin its elasticity and firmness