Chapter 6 ~ Chemistry in Biology (Sections 1-3)
Across
- 1. A pure substance made up of only one type of atom
- 2. Enzymes interact with only certain substrates because the _____ site where the substrate binds has a specific shape and size to fit
- 3. The study of matter - its composition and properties
- 5. A compound in which the atoms are held together by covalent bonds
- 8. particle of an atom that is positively charged and is located in the nucleus
- 9. A substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction
- 10. The center of the atom
- 12. The reactants that bind to the enzyme
- 13. A substance that releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
- 14. Solutions that have pH values higher than 7.0 are _____
- 15. Anything that has mass and takes up space
- 21. In a ____ mixture, the components remain distinct
- 22. Solutions that have pH values lower than 7.0 are _____
- 24. The substances formed during a chemical reaction
- 25. A mixture that can react with acids or bases to keep the pH within a particular range
- 27. Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
- 29. The process by which atoms are reorganized into different substances by the breaking or forming of bonds is called a chemical ______
- 34. Atoms contain an equal number of protons and electrons, so the overall charge of an atom is ____.
- 35. Molecules that have an unequal distribution of charges are ____ molecules
- 37. Water is called the _____ solvent because many substances dissolve in it
- 38. A chemical ______ describes the substances in a chemical reaction and the process of change
- 39. Special proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in biological processes
- 40. A mixture that has uniform composition throughout
- 41. The second electron energy level can have up to ____ electrons
- 43. The substance that is dissolved in the solvent
Down
- 1. particle of an atom that is negatively charged and is in constant motion around an atom's nucleus
- 4. The starting substances in a chemical reaction
- 6. In ___ reactions, the energy of the product is lower than the energy of the reactant
- 7. Isotopes that give off radiation are called _____ isotopes
- 11. The building blocks of matter
- 12. Another name for a heterogenous mixture
- 16. The chemical bond that forms when electrons are shared
- 17. A ____ bond is a weak interaction involving a hydrogen atom and a fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atom
- 18. The measure of concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
- 19. particle of an atom that has no charge and is located in the nucleus
- 20. Another name for a solution
- 23. The minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction is the _____ energy
- 26. The attractive forces between positive and negative regions of molecules are called van der Waals ______
- 28. A substance in which another substance is dissolved
- 30. An atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons (and carries an electric charge)
- 31. Bond that forms when two oppositely charged atoms called ions form a bond due to electrical attraction
- 32. A substance that releases hydroxide ions when dissolved in water
- 33. A heterogeneous mixture in which the particles do not settle out like the sand settled from the water
- 36. A pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine
- 42. The properties of water make it well suited to help maintain _____ in an organism
- 44. In _____ reactions, the energy of the product is higher than the energy of the reactant