Chapter 7

2. ways to encourage conformity to society's norms
4. deviance that becomes a lifestyle and part of an individual's identity
7. the theory that individuals learn deviance in proportion to the number of deviant acts and norms in which they are exposed to
8. a social condition in which norms are weak, conflicting, or absent
10. an undesirable label used to deny a deviant acceptance
13. punishment intended to make criminals pay monetary compensation to make up for the financial damage caused by their acts.
16. an act committed in violation of the law
18. the process of reducing the seriousness of the crimes that injure people of lower status
19. rewards or punishments that encourage conformity to social norms
20. the theory that deviance is more likely to occur when a gap exists between cultural goals and the ability to achieve them
21. a person who breaks significant societal or group norms
22. a repetition of, or return to, criminal behavior
23. the process of changing or reforming a criminal through socialization
24. job-related crimes committed by high-status people

1. only occasional breaking of norms
3. the theory that society creates deviance by identifying particular members as deviant
5. behavior that departs from the societal or group norm
6. the theory that compliance with social norms requires strong bonds between individuals and society
9. behavior that underconforms to accepted norms
11. a method of protecting society from criminals by keeping them in prison
12. a system comprising institutions and processes responsible for enforcing criminal statutes
14. discouraging criminal acts by threatening punishment
15. punishment intended to make criminals pay compensation for their acts
17. behavior that overconforms to social expectations