Chapter 7

2. An energy unit equal to the approximate amount of energy required to raise one gram of water by one degree Celsius, or about 4.2 joules
3. the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a body per unit of mass
7. chemical compounds which have the tendency to form ice-like crystals at a slight less temperature than the room temperature
9. suspension of small liquid droplets or solid particles in air
12. a warming of the ocean surface, or above-average sea surface temperatures, in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean
13. where moist air gets blocked by mountains
14. Köppen classification is characterized by sub-freezing mean annual temperatures
16. is a long period of reduction in the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere
17. its presence in the atmosphere affects the earth's temperature and climate system
18. a seasonal change in the direction of the prevailing, or strongest, winds of a region
20. the thermal radiation received from the Sun per the unit surface area of the Earth
22. is the large-scale removal of trees from forests
23. The spinning of the Earth causes the day to turn to night, while the full rotation/the revolution of the Earth causes summer to become winter
24. the exact moment when half of Earth is tilted the farthest away from the sun

1. the scientist who made the idea to divide climates into five main climate groups, with each group being divided based on seasonal precipitation and temperature patterns
4. the time at which the sun crosses the plane of the equator away from the relevant hemisphere, making day and night of equal length
5. gases in the earth's atmosphere that trap heat
6. is the suite of climatic conditions measured in localized areas near the earth's surface
8. an interval of warming that occurs between periods of glaciation in an ice age
10. is the time at which the sun crosses the plane of the equator towards the relevant hemisphere, making day and night of equal length
11. a deficiency of precipitation over an extended period of time
15. and scientific development that has improved our understanding of climate and the natural world
19. the two moments during the year when the path of the Sun in the sky is farthest north in the Northern Hemisphere
21. a gas that absorbs and radiates heat