Chapter 7

2. deviance that becomes a lifestyle and part of an individual’s identity
3. behavior that departs from societal or group norms
7. behavior that overconforms to social expectations
10. the theory that deviance is more likely to occur when a gap exists between cultural goals and the ability to achieve them
14. the theory that individuals learn deviance in proportion to the number of deviant acts and norms to which they are exposed
17. a social condition in which norms are weak, conflicting, or absent
18. job-related crime committed by high-status people
19. an act committed in violation of the law
20. an undesirable label used to deny a deviant acceptance
21. behavior that underconforms to accepted norms
23. a repition of, or return to, criminal behavior
24. a person who breaks significant societal or group norms

1. discouraging criminal acts by threatening punishment
4. the theory that complience with social norms requires strong bonds between individuals and society
5. a system comprising institutions and processes responsible for enforcing criminal statutes
6. only occasional breaking of norms
8. rewards or punishments that encourage conformity to social norms
9. the process of changing of reforming a criminal through socialization
11. the process of reducing the seriousness of the crimes that injure people of lower status
12. punishment intended to make criminals pay compensation for their acts
13. ways to encourage conformity to society’s norms
15. the theory that society creates deviance by identifying particular members as deviant
16. punishment intended to make ciminals pay monetary compensation to make up for the financial damaged caused by their acts
22. a method of protecting society from criminals by keeping them in prison