Chapter 7 and 8 Skeletal System: The Skull and The Axial System
Across
- 3. Joining the rims of adjacent centra
- 5. Centra that is a bear saddle-shaped articular surfaces at the both ends, common in turtles that retract their necks and in cervical vertebrae of birds
- 8. Method of capturing prey, by which the animal rapidly grasps the prey with its jaw
- 10. Offers site of origin for chest muscles
- 11. Dermal plates of the head that were thick and tightly joined into a unit
- 15. Equivalent term of chondrocranium
- 16. Bones that expands into large swollen capsule that houses the middle ear ossicle in most eutherians
- 17. Term means “cut-up spine”
- 18. Ribs that have two heads that joints with the vertebrae
- 19. Most ancient part of skull
- 21. Process of chewing the food before swallowing it
- 22. The use of rapid, projected and sticky tongue to capture prey in most amphibians and lizards
- 25. Swedish palaeontologist that proposed composite theory
- 26. Movement between the upper jaw and the braincase about joints between them
- 29. Chain of cartilaginous elements
- 31. Centra with flat ends suited to receive and distribute compressive forces within the vertebral column
- 32. Ribs that meet ventrally with the sternum
- 34. Having one centra per segment
- 35. Derived set of skeletal elements posterior to sternum, also called abdominal ribs
- 37. Have a prominent element called hyoman dibula
- 38. An unpaired medial dermal bone in the teeth of fishes and lower tetrapods
- 39. Generally applies to any process extending from the centrum or the neural arch
Down
- 1. Only two sets of the teeth erupt during the life time of a mammal (milk teeth and permanent teeth)
- 2. Composite bony plate forming the floor of the shell within turtles
- 4. Vertebral condition of tetrapods wherein all vertebral elements in a segment are fused into a single piece
- 6. Supports the brain and is formed of endochondrial bone or cartilage or both
- 7. Fused cranial components surrounding and encasing the brain
- 9. In suction feeding in water it is a flow where excess water entering the mouth must reverse its flow to exit via the mouth due to absence of gill slit
- 12. If a joint passes through dermatocranium behind the eye, the skull exhibits ________.
- 13. Found only in mammals, they reside between successive surfaces of adjacent centra
- 14. Method of capturing pray, a sudden vacuum to gulp in water carrying the intended food
- 20. Provide sites for secure muscle attachment, help suspend the body, forms ribcage and sometimes serve as accessory breathing devices
- 21. Functional arch of jaw, the largest and most anterior series of arches
- 23. Projections that extend posteriorly from proximal rib segments, offer sites of attachment for respiratory and shoulder muscles
- 24. Massive flight muscle that arise from large sternum that bears prominent ventral keel in flying birds
- 27. It was used as the major criterion to define tetrapod taxa
- 28. includes vertebral column, limbs, girdles and ribsand shells
- 30. Consist of ribs and sternal elements that embrace the viscera
- 33. Branchial arches that supports the mouth
- 36. Also known as ventral rib head