Chapter 7 and 8 Skeletal System: The Skull and The Axial System

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Across
  1. 3. Joining the rims of adjacent centra
  2. 5. Centra that is a bear saddle-shaped articular surfaces at the both ends, common in turtles that retract their necks and in cervical vertebrae of birds
  3. 8. Method of capturing prey, by which the animal rapidly grasps the prey with its jaw
  4. 10. Offers site of origin for chest muscles
  5. 11. Dermal plates of the head that were thick and tightly joined into a unit
  6. 15. Equivalent term of chondrocranium
  7. 16. Bones that expands into large swollen capsule that houses the middle ear ossicle in most eutherians
  8. 17. Term means “cut-up spine”
  9. 18. Ribs that have two heads that joints with the vertebrae
  10. 19. Most ancient part of skull
  11. 21. Process of chewing the food before swallowing it
  12. 22. The use of rapid, projected and sticky tongue to capture prey in most amphibians and lizards
  13. 25. Swedish palaeontologist that proposed composite theory
  14. 26. Movement between the upper jaw and the braincase about joints between them
  15. 29. Chain of cartilaginous elements
  16. 31. Centra with flat ends suited to receive and distribute compressive forces within the vertebral column
  17. 32. Ribs that meet ventrally with the sternum
  18. 34. Having one centra per segment
  19. 35. Derived set of skeletal elements posterior to sternum, also called abdominal ribs
  20. 37. Have a prominent element called hyoman dibula
  21. 38. An unpaired medial dermal bone in the teeth of fishes and lower tetrapods
  22. 39. Generally applies to any process extending from the centrum or the neural arch
Down
  1. 1. Only two sets of the teeth erupt during the life time of a mammal (milk teeth and permanent teeth)
  2. 2. Composite bony plate forming the floor of the shell within turtles
  3. 4. Vertebral condition of tetrapods wherein all vertebral elements in a segment are fused into a single piece
  4. 6. Supports the brain and is formed of endochondrial bone or cartilage or both
  5. 7. Fused cranial components surrounding and encasing the brain
  6. 9. In suction feeding in water it is a flow where excess water entering the mouth must reverse its flow to exit via the mouth due to absence of gill slit
  7. 12. If a joint passes through dermatocranium behind the eye, the skull exhibits ________.
  8. 13. Found only in mammals, they reside between successive surfaces of adjacent centra
  9. 14. Method of capturing pray, a sudden vacuum to gulp in water carrying the intended food
  10. 20. Provide sites for secure muscle attachment, help suspend the body, forms ribcage and sometimes serve as accessory breathing devices
  11. 21. Functional arch of jaw, the largest and most anterior series of arches
  12. 23. Projections that extend posteriorly from proximal rib segments, offer sites of attachment for respiratory and shoulder muscles
  13. 24. Massive flight muscle that arise from large sternum that bears prominent ventral keel in flying birds
  14. 27. It was used as the major criterion to define tetrapod taxa
  15. 28. includes vertebral column, limbs, girdles and ribsand shells
  16. 30. Consist of ribs and sternal elements that embrace the viscera
  17. 33. Branchial arches that supports the mouth
  18. 36. Also known as ventral rib head