Chapter 7 and 8 Skeletal System: The Skull and The Axial System

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Across
  1. 6. Derived set of skeletal elements posterior to sternum, also called abdominal ribs
  2. 7. Massive flight muscle that arise from large sternum that bears prominent ventral keel in flying birds
  3. 11. Swedish palaeontologist that proposed composite theory
  4. 12. Arriving streams of cells initially form enlarged clusters that are arranged serially along notochord
  5. 13. Vertebral condition of tetrapods wherein all vertebral elements in a segment are fused into a single piece
  6. 16. Centra with flat ends suited to receive and distribute compressive forces within the vertebral column
  7. 18. includes vertebral column, limbs, girdles and ribsand shells
  8. 21. Have a prominent element called hyoman dibula
  9. 23. Joining the rims of adjacent centra
  10. 27. The use of rapid, projected and sticky tongue to capture prey in most amphibians and lizards
  11. 30. Provide sites for secure muscle attachment, help suspend the body, forms ribcage and sometimes serve as accessory breathing devices
  12. 31. Consist of ribs and sternal elements that embrace the viscera
  13. 34. Found only in mammals, they reside between successive surfaces of adjacent centra
  14. 35. Dermal plates of the head that were thick and tightly joined into a unit
  15. 36. Supports the brain and is formed of endochondrial bone or cartilage or both
  16. 39. Local mesenchyme condenses at the level of the myosepta these condensations become cartilaginous anlagen called_______.
  17. 40. Ribs that meet ventrally with the sternum
Down
  1. 1. Bones that expands into large swollen capsule that houses the middle ear ossicle in most eutherians
  2. 2. Projections that extend posteriorly from proximal rib segments, offer sites of attachment for respiratory and shoulder muscles
  3. 3. Process of chewing the food before swallowing it
  4. 4. Method of capturing prey, by which the animal rapidly grasps the prey with its jaw
  5. 5. Generally applies to any process extending from the centrum or the neural arch
  6. 8. Centra that is a bear saddle-shaped articular surfaces at the both ends, common in turtles that retract their necks and in cervical vertebrae of birds
  7. 9. Movement between the upper jaw and the braincase about joints between them
  8. 10. Composite bony plate forming the floor of the shell within turtles
  9. 14. Offers site of origin for chest muscles
  10. 15. If a joint passes through dermatocranium behind the eye, the skull exhibits ________.
  11. 17. Most ancient part of skull
  12. 19. Ribs that have two heads that joints with the vertebrae
  13. 20. Method of capturing pray, a sudden vacuum to gulp in water carrying the intended food
  14. 22. Branchial arches that supports the mouth
  15. 24. Functional arch of jaw, the largest and most anterior series of arches
  16. 25. It was used as the major criterion to define tetrapod taxa
  17. 26. Only two sets of the teeth erupt during the life time of a mammal (milk teeth and permanent teeth)
  18. 28. Chain of cartilaginous elements
  19. 29. Also known as ventral rib head
  20. 32. Fused cranial components surrounding and encasing the brain
  21. 33. Equivalent term of chondrocranium
  22. 37. An unpaired medial dermal bone in the teeth of fishes and lower tetrapods
  23. 38. In suction feeding in water it is a flow where excess water entering the mouth must reverse its flow to exit via the mouth due to absence of gill slit