Chapter 7 and 8 Skeletal System: The Skull and The Axial System

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Across
  1. 3. The use of rapid, projected and sticky tongue to capture prey in most amphibians and lizards
  2. 6. Ribs that have two heads that joints with the vertebrae
  3. 7. Functional arch of jaw, the largest and most anterior series of arches
  4. 8. Have a prominent element called hyoman dibula
  5. 9. It was used as the major criterion to define tetrapod taxa
  6. 10. Arriving streams of cells initially form enlarged clusters that are arranged serially along notochord
  7. 14. Fused cranial components surrounding and encasing the brain
  8. 17. Centra that is a bear saddle-shaped articular surfaces at the both ends, common in turtles that retract their necks and in cervical vertebrae of birds
  9. 18. Process of chewing the food before swallowing it
  10. 19. Ribs that meet ventrally with the sternum
  11. 22. Massive flight muscle that arise from large sternum that bears prominent ventral keel in flying birds
  12. 23. Offers site of origin for chest muscles
  13. 25. Found only in mammals, they reside between successive surfaces of adjacent centra
  14. 26. Dermal plates of the head that were thick and tightly joined into a unit
  15. 27. Derived set of skeletal elements posterior to sternum, also called abdominal ribs
  16. 31. Centra with flat ends suited to receive and distribute compressive forces within the vertebral column
  17. 33. Generally applies to any process extending from the centrum or the neural arch
  18. 35. Composite bony plate forming the floor of the shell within turtles
  19. 36. Projections that extend posteriorly from proximal rib segments, offer sites of attachment for respiratory and shoulder muscles
  20. 37. Vertebral condition of tetrapods wherein all vertebral elements in a segment are fused into a single piece
  21. 38. Most ancient part of skull
  22. 39. Provide sites for secure muscle attachment, help suspend the body, forms ribcage and sometimes serve as accessory breathing devices
  23. 40. Also known as ventral rib head
Down
  1. 1. Method of capturing pray, a sudden vacuum to gulp in water carrying the intended food
  2. 2. Method of capturing prey, by which the animal rapidly grasps the prey with its jaw
  3. 4. Swedish palaeontologist that proposed composite theory
  4. 5. An unpaired medial dermal bone in the teeth of fishes and lower tetrapods
  5. 11. Bones that expands into large swollen capsule that houses the middle ear ossicle in most eutherians
  6. 12. Consist of ribs and sternal elements that embrace the viscera
  7. 13. Only two sets of the teeth erupt during the life time of a mammal (milk teeth and permanent teeth)
  8. 15. Supports the brain and is formed of endochondrial bone or cartilage or both
  9. 16. includes vertebral column, limbs, girdles and ribsand shells
  10. 20. Joining the rims of adjacent centra
  11. 21. Local mesenchyme condenses at the level of the myosepta these condensations become cartilaginous anlagen called_______.
  12. 24. In suction feeding in water it is a flow where excess water entering the mouth must reverse its flow to exit via the mouth due to absence of gill slit
  13. 28. Movement between the upper jaw and the braincase about joints between them
  14. 29. Equivalent term of chondrocranium
  15. 30. If a joint passes through dermatocranium behind the eye, the skull exhibits ________.
  16. 32. Chain of cartilaginous elements
  17. 34. Branchial arches that supports the mouth